Wednesday, July 31, 2019

Duty of Care Definitions Essay

1.1 Define the meaning â€Å"Duty of Care† A. The term duty of care is the responsibility of caring for another person who may well be vulnerable which includes those who are young or old, ill or unfit mentally to care for themselves and requires another person to assist. This includes looking after the person`s hygiene, cleanliness, safety, meals, transportation, medication or physical needs. Duty of care requires all staff to ensure that all the people we work with are safe and that we abide by relevant legislation and follow care plans, and inform the office of any changes to medication so everyone can keep up the constant care. Duty of care is the legal duty to take reasonable care so that others aren’t harmed and involves identifying risks and taking reasonable care in your response to these risks. Organisations should always ensure that they consult legal and legislative requirements when developing and maintaining their duty of care frameworks and consider working along guidelines. 1.2 How does duty of care affe ct your work role? A. Duty of care is the obligation you have to exercise a level of care towards an individual as in reasonable in all the circumstances to avoid injury to that individual or to his or hers property. 2.1 What dilemmas might arise between duty of care and the rights of your customers? A. Equipment – client’s may refuse to use hoist`s and stand aids at they have had bad experience in the past with using them, which could affect clients hygiene, physical needs and means that staff can`t do their job to a high standard, we would take note of what the clients have said and ring the manager to come up with another solution. All equipment must be in date and checked regularly before use. Training must be up to date and if it isn`t you should not put yourself or clients at risk of danger. All carers should not attempt to do things outside of training or job descriptions, and CRBS needs to be updated every year. Risk assessments and care plans are important and should be followed at all times and updated regularly, all concerns and changes to be reported to manager and documented. Protective clothing is to be worn at all times to reduce the risk of infections and cross contamination. 2.2 Where would you get additional support and advice about resolving the above dilemmas? A. I would get additional support and advice by attending training courses i.e. moving and handling, health and safety, also by speaking to my manager or supervisor, reading books and trying to find out as much information I need. 3.1 How would you respond to complaints? A. I would acknowledge the complaint, and then try to resolve the complaint directly with the complainant, and be aware of differing views of what happened and what was said, also reassure the complainant and have a complaint handling mechanism already in place. Every complaint is different, so the approach to resolving it will differ, depending on the nature of the complaint and the seriousness and the complexity. 3.2 What is the agreed procedure for dealing with complaints? A. The agreed procedure for dealing with complaints is that our company will always deal with any complaints in a professional and positive way and where appropriate will advise the people concerned of any actions and outcomes of any complaint out company will help you in any way they can to advise us of our reasons for dissatisfaction. If I am unwilling or unable to them my manager will have further meetings on how to achieve the best out of you, and if needed further training. CT296 1.1 Identify the standards which influence the way adult social care jobs are carried out? A. The standards that influence the way adult social care job roles are carried out are firstly Codes of practice which set out criteria which providers are assessed by. They also describe the standards of conduct and practice that workers must carry out their activities and ensure that what they do is competent and consistent with the values of their employer. Minimum standards are a set of standards which all care homes must meet and in order to operate and be registered as a care home if working in a care home. National occupational standards (NOS) define the skills, knowledge and understanding needed by individuals to carry out their job. 1.2 Why is it important to reflect on the way you work? How does this help you to develop your knowledge and skills? A. Reflecting on work activities is an important way to develop knowledge and skill because is allow you to identify anything that needs to be developed, you are also able to evaluate on the things that went wrong and what went ri ght, and able to learn lessons from that also to enable you to be a better carer. It also helps your fellow colleagues as they are able to learn from your mistakes and then the same thing will not happen to them also and vice versa. When you have evaluated you are then able to know the things which are needed in order to make your home care a much safer and nice place to stay. 1.3 How can you ensure your own attitudes and belief do not obstruct the quality of your work? A. There are many ways to ensure that personal attitudes or beliefs do not obstruct the quality of work, firstly you have training which is updated every 3 months which will clearly outline what is accepted and what is not. You may also have supervision which you will be given by a manager or supervisor to assess your performance. Also the code of practice describes the acceptable behaviour. Policies are also a great way I which providers are outlined how to and not to allow attitudes and behaviours to obstruct the quality of work and what will happen if provider allows this to happen. 2.1 Think of a recent learning activity you have completed, how did it improve your knowledge, skills and understanding? A. I recently attended an up to date learning activity for moving and handling. It improved my knowledge, skills and understanding. There are so many different ways of moving people, by using different equipment, which I was put into a hoist myself just to see and feel how an elderly person would feel, and how easily they can become distressed. It gave me a very clear understanding and knowledge of how things can be done differently and I could also share my knowledge to other team members. 2.2 How does reflecting a situation assisted you to improve your knowledge skill and understanding? A. Reflecting on situations is a stage where I can identify my learning and development needs. To reflect and think about what I have done, and how I did it, and how I could possibly do it better or differently for the future. 2.3 How has gaining feedback from others developed your knowledge, skills and understanding? A. My manager has received feedback from other colleagues who have â€Å"shadowed† me on service users visits. She has given me feedback on my performance and highlighted future training events that I may find beneficial. I have received compliments from service users on the standard of care I deliver, and my polite attitude. I have received verbal feedback from my manager on my willingness to undertake extra shifts, and how I am an effective member of the team. 3.1 What is meant by â€Å"Personal Development Plan† ? A. A personal development plan is set out by an individual for them to follow in order to better themselves whether it be to gain more qualifications or progress in their work i.e. promotion etc. 3.2 Who might be involved in the personal development plan progress? A. Anyone you feel could help you with your person development i.e. your manager, colleagues, tutors, family and friends, mainly anyone you feel you can rely on for support and guidance. 3.3 Where can you get support for your learning and development? A. There are many people and places where you can get support for learning and development, i.e. attending courses, speaking to colleagues, your manager or supervisor, reading books and using the internet, and also friends and family members. 3.4 What are the benefits of using a personal development plan to identify on going improvements in own knowledge and understanding? A. The benefits of using a personal development plan is to gain a clearer focus to my learning. Helping to keep myself motivated, also gives me a better understanding of how I learn and how to improve my performance, also more enjoyment and less stress from learning as I become consciously skilled, make more aware of how to apply your learning of new problems, also reflective thinking skills that can strengthen my performance. 1.1 What is meant by Diversity A. Is an understanding that every person is unique and treating people as individuals? Equality A. Means treating everyone equally regardless of their colour, age, gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation, disability, etc. It is different to treating people the same different people have different needs, so individuality should be taken into account. Inclusion A. Full of active participation, feeling respected, feeling a sense of belonging, being valued for who you are. Discrimination A. Unfair or unequal treatment of an individual or group on the grounds of age, disability, gender, race, religion, belief’s or sexual orientation, being treated less favourable that someone else in the same situation, being treated unfairly. 1.2 How can direct and indirect discrimination occur in the workplace? A. Direct discrimination can occur in the workplace because they may be being treated less favourable or treated differently because of their gender, age, race disability, sexuality or religion. Indirect discrimination can or may take place when a rule or policy that applies equally to everybody is more restrictive for people from a certain group, i.e. if a company give information about its policies and procedures only in English. 1.3 How can practices that support equality, diversity and inclusion reduce the risk of discrimination? A. By supporting a person`s equality you are treating them as equal and including them in all activities, you will be reducing the likelihood of discrimination. 2.1 List key legislation and codes of practice relating to diversity, equality, inclusion and discrimination in adult social care settings? A. Equality Act, Human rights Act, GSCC = The General Social Care Council. These are some to the rules that apply to all care workers. 2.2 How can you interact with someone in an inclusive way? A. You can interact with someone in an inclusive way, by respect for their beliefs, and preferences of the individual receiving the care. Promoting independence involvement of the individual, receiving care produce a written report of the activity which, is based on the plan this should be completed prior to the activity taking place. Is verified by the supervisor/manager as an authentic record of what actually took place, and demonstrates ability to manage the materials and resources to carry out the fulfilment of the aims and objectives as specified in a plan. 2.3 How might discrimination be challenged in a adult social care settings? A. This depends if the carer or service user who discriminates. If the carer then as an employee I’d raise the issue with my supervisor without waiting for a supervision meeting. They would be duty bound to take the issue on, however if you’re on good terms with the employee you could speak on friendly terms asking if they knew they were discriminating. Give them a chance to see the problem. 3.1 Identify source of information, advice and support about diversity, equality, inclusion and discrimination? A. There are a variety of different methods of getting information on diversity, equality, inclusion, you can access web sites that list all of the current legations in place to protect the right of individuals, you can also obtain leaflets to give to service user, to inform them of their rights, also your line manager, your organisations, policies and procedures, your colleagues, books, articles, and care quality commission, skills for care. 3.2 How and when would you access support on the above? A. I would access support on the above when a service user feels that they need as much information as they require it at that time, and get help with all difficulties the may come across.

Tuesday, July 30, 2019

Male and Segmentation Base Essay

Introduction: In this assignment I am going to describe the customer profile for each of the five target groups for product/service and explain how and why these groups are targeted. 1.Product: IPhone 5 Segmentation base: Demographic, Psychographic/ Age, Social class, Target market: Teenagers and Adults Customer profile: Aged mainly between 18+, aimed at both male and female, medium/ high class How/ Why targeted * Product: IPhone 5, mainly used for calling/texting or communicating with others, also used for pictures, music and downloading apps. * Place: T-Mobile, Carphone warehouse, Phones4u, Tesco * Promotion: This product can be promoted through TV advertisement, posters, internet, and leaflets. By promoting this product, more people can then find out about it and it will get more popular which means that more people will be buying is. * Price: The price of IPhone 5 is from  £499 –  £529 2.Product: Colgate Toothpaste smiles Segmentation base: Benefit segmentation / needs, safety, esteem Target market: Children Customer profile: Aged mainly between 2-6 years old, aimed at both male and female, How/ Why targeted * Product: Colgate Toothpaste smiles is only used by children aged 4 to 6 as it is not a strong as adult’s toothpaste and it has a mild flavour. * Place: Boots, Superdrug’s, Tesco * Promotion: This product can be promoted through TV advertisement, posters, internet, and leaflets. By promoting this product, Adults/ mothers might consider in buying it if they have young children. * Price: The price of Colgate Toothpaste smiles is  £1.32 3.Product: Gucci by flora perfume Segmentation base: Demographical, psychological/ age group, gender, enjoys shopping Target market: Females Customer profile: Aged mainly between 16+, aimed at females. How/ Why  targeted * Product: Flora by Gucci perfume is only used by females as the smell is not as strong as males perfumes. * Place: Superdrug’s, Boots, Pharmacies. * Promotion: This product can be promoted through TV advertisement, posters, internet, and leaflets. By promoting this product, Females will be interested in buying the perfume as the brand is very popular. * Price: The price of the perfume can be between  £40 to  £72 4 .Product: Ford Segmentation base: Psychological, Demographical / lifestyle, enjoys shopping, age group, family size, Target market: young adults/ adults Customer profile: Aged aimed at 16 and over, aimed at both males and females. How/ Why targeted * Product: Ford cars are used by young adults and adults 16+ as it is illegal for anyone younger that this to be driving a car. * Place: The cars can be bought from their website, Auto trader * Promotion: This product can be promoted through TV advertisement, posters, internet, and leaflets. By promoting this product, people that are interested in buying a new car, can then go and visit one of their stores and buy a car. * Price: There are different prices for every car it can start from  £8,000 –  £20,000 and over. 5.Product: Disney Princess puzzles Segmentation base: Demographic, psychological / activities, interest, hobbies, age group, gender. Target market: female children Customer profile: Aged mainly between 4 – 5 Years old, aimed at females. How/ Why targeted * Product: Disney Princess puzzles is only used by female children aged 4 to 5. * Place: Argos and WHSmith * Promotion: This product can be promoted through TV advertisement, posters, internet, and leaflets. By promoting this product, parents and guardians might be interested in buying something for entertainment for their child or for a present. * Price: The price of the puzzles can be different depending on the size, but it will be around  £5 to  £10. Business-to-business market Costco to Corner shops 6.Product: Coca Cola Segmentation base: Geographical; region, area of the country, city Target market: males and females Customer profile: Aged mainly between 10+, aimed at males and females. How/ Why targeted * Product: Coca-Cola * Place: Corner shops could buy stacks of Coca-Cola from Costco as it is cheaper to buy it from there. * Promotion: This product can be promoted through TV advertisement, posters, internet, and leaflets. By promoting this product, people are more likely to go to Costco and buy it from there as it will be more cost efficient. * Price: 1 bottle of Coca Cola is  £1.99 at Corner shops, whereas if they go to Costco they will spend less as there will be 8 bottles of 1/2 litre for only  £6.25 Wilkinsfoods to Tesco 7.Product: Eggs Segmentation base: Geographical; region, area of the country, city Target market: males and females Customer profile: any ages, aimed at males and females. How/ Why targeted * Product: Eggs * Place: Tesco * Promotion: This product can be promoted through their website, leaflets and radio. By promoting this product, people will find out about this farm, and Tesco might consider in buying their eggs as they cheap. * Price: It depends on how many eggs the organisation wants; Small, medium, large and very large and come as standard packed into keyes trays (15 dozen outers or 30 dozen outers). Conclusion: In this assignment I have described the customer profile for each of the five target groups for product/service of Tesco’s and Car manufacturer and have explained how and why these groups are targeted.

Monday, July 29, 2019

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 11

Summary - Essay Example They also advise and support the teachers planning the lessons, and assessing the transfer of knowledge occurred from the teacher to the students. Moreover, academic coaches encourage team teaching with the help of the colleagues and prepare the teaching environment for professional development. Struggling teachers will get assistance from academic coaches along with the struggling students. Academic coaches will meet the parents of students to discuss the progress of the students. Some students may have some peculiar learning styles or needs which the newly appointed teachers may not be aware of. In such situations, academic coaches will use their immense experiences to advice the teachers to develop proper learning strategies for such students. The presence of academic coaches in the classes will never affect either the students or the teacher. They know that the academic coaches are present only to help them out rather than punishing them. It is not necessary that academic teachers should present in all the classes. In fact these coaches attend the classes twice or thrice in every weeks and will provide the feedbacks both to the teachers and the students. In case, if an academic coach feels that his/her assistance is needed more in a particular class, he/she can improve the frequency of their visits to such classes. Academic coaches function not like the mentors. While the mentors may offer their service for a year, academic coaches would help the students and teachers for many years. Mentors often concentrate students and teachers on one to one basis whereas academic coaches concentrate on the development in one to one and in teams. Comprehensive induction or the proven records of abilities is necessary for most of the professions, but unfortunately teachers are mostly injected into the curriculum before they establish their credentials as a classroom teacher. Such teachers are

Sunday, July 28, 2019

Historical Land Qwnership as Depicted in the Movie, the Field by Jim Essay

Historical Land Qwnership as Depicted in the Movie, the Field by Jim Sherindan - Essay Example The setting of the movie is in a small country village located in the southwestern part of Ireland. Bull McCabe is an individualist who has spent several hard years of labor cultivating a small rented land. He nurtures it from barren rock into fertile land, which becomes beneficial. Bull has always claimed the land his and had dreamed of buying it, as it is being put up currently for auction. McCabes intimidate pose intimidation of several townspeople out of bidding in auction to the auctioneer Mick Flanagan. Galwayman Dee is from England where he has been living for several years with his plan for the field. The play reaches its climax McCabes comes face to face Dee. The encounter ends in struggle and finally death. This essay will look into the succinct analysis of the play with regard to the Irish view of land ownership and home. To begin with, the first scene talks of the man carrying out the cultivations on a vast land, which he claims to be his. This gives the illustration on t he Irish land ownership rights. The action shows that laws regarding land ownership in Ireland are not legally organized or planned to facilitate peace among societal members (Baker 34). The man simply start working tirelessly on a barren land, which to him, is an empty unutilized land which should be put into appropriate use. This is the reason behind the conflict that arises between the two Irish men. Dee had believed that he the land was his even in his absence. To him, he had the ownership which qualified him as the legal owner of the place, therefore, the idea of another man thinking of the land as a free place and unused property is illegal. The fact that the widows make a step to put the land in auction without considering McCabe’s work is unlawful itself. Allowing a citizen to work on a large rocky land turning it into a fertile land, and auctioning it, is not a fair deal and shows some shortcomings in the Irish land (Deane 67). The law does not consider much the plig hts of the low class people in the region. The bright lighting in the play serves the role of stressing some ideas in the film. For instance, the director has used bright light to accentuate the suffering and oppression of the low class individuals in the Irish society. He has done the same in all other cases representing the ways in which people of high social class live in comparison to those of low classes. The sound patterns in the play is that of higher tones with speech and low tones of background sound. This is meant to ensure that the listeners and viewers get enough comprehension of the video, in terms of its thematic contents. Historically, Ireland land ownership was characterized by English elite rule. The rule involved the division of the country into large estates, and authority was passed down to the supporters of Scottish Protestants. This is reported to have been a political plot to bring down Ireland and wipe out the issue of Roman Catholicism in Britain. It is indi cated too in the historical texts that majority of the notable landowners were absent; and could more often employ agents who were of Ireland origin to take care of the land. The agents could, in turn, become tenants who had no tangible security of tenure and thus they could be chased out in case their rent went to arrears or otherwise. The management of estates was always poor as the tenants lacked motivation and the necessary incentive to develop or improve the land

Saturday, July 27, 2019

Low context culture of America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Low context culture of America - Essay Example This essay discusses that the USA has become the most influential state on the face of the earth for the last few decades. It has enjoyed the position of the strongest economy and attracted people from all nooks and corners of the world for employment. American citizenship is a dream for middle class of almost all societies. USA is the most lucrative name when it comes to lifestyle. It is increasingly becoming international because of two main reasons. People from all over the world are migrating to USA. They all have various values, belief and cultures as well. Their stay at the new place forces them to adopt the new lifestyle. The society is affected by their views as well. The blend of native values and the imported culture is making USA more and more diverse in its behaviours and culture. Also, because of a strong economy, USA enjoys strong political position in international forums. With these two strengths, it becomes the platform where rest of the countries discuss their issue s for solutions. Because of increased cooperation with the powerful nations and influence in the developing nations, USA is successful in absorbing others in it. So accordingly, these two points pave the way for dynamism at all levels in the country. Yet, it is important to mention that USA is not diluting its culture in the imported cultures. It is rather giving birth to an international culture in which all the people find room for themselves and rigidity for traditions is over. Having a considerable population of foreigners in various states of USA, its culture has overall become a blend of all cultures. Likewise, this characteristic of American culture which gives room for all others to adjust makes it a low context culture. It is a low context culture because of the presence of highly diverse population who have different perceptions, viewpoints, lifestyles, choices, family and educational backgrounds, social systems, religions etc (Kennedy and Everest, 191). It is impossible t o unite all of them under the same attitudes hence the culture has reduced its contextual rigidity and gives all of them the freedom of speech and action. The formality is replaced by informal ways which bring convenience for people to adjust. People working in low context culture need to talk clearly and pass instructions without any misunderstandings (Treven, Sonja, MatjazMulej and Lynn, 108). On the other hand in high context culture, people expect their converser to know what the message of the communication was, without being specifically told (Beer). Great importance is placed on decorum, ambience, manner of delivery and the relative status of the participants in the communication (Goman). America is a low context culture, mainly because of the variety of different cultures and nationality of people residing there. With so many people from such diverse cultural differences, the message needs to be clear, thorough and precise to be understood by all. That will be the only way t o communicate effectively in the workplace (Huckins, 73). This paper is about a particular American artifact or belief and its comparison with other countries. Artifacts are defined as tangible signs of the culture (Saunders & Skinner, 14). The artifacts are common in culture and give the culture a sense of identification. The artifacts can be historical as well as recent. Among historical artifacts, there are numerous archaeological patterns and architectural styles that help identify the particular culture. For example, the sign of triangle reflects Pentagon. Artifacts can be seen in various aspects of life like household items, office fixtures, technological tools, scientific instruments, medical instruments, farm tools, calculators etc. There is an artifact known as American eagle. The paper discusses the various

Friday, July 26, 2019

Explain the concept of precedent, making specific reference to the Essay

Explain the concept of precedent, making specific reference to the doctrine of promissory estoppel as developed in the case of C - Essay Example The achieved stability allows for predictability in law in addition to offering some degree of individual rights security. Precedent also ensure that the law only develops with regards to the changing view-points of communities, thereby, reflecting, more accurately, the expectations and morals of the community. The concept of precedent makes a system adaptable to changing and varying circumstances; rational, highly practical, and puts into consideration various human experiences2. The doctrine of precedent also referred to stare decisis, is not only the most important aspect of Common Law, but is indeed a distinctive feature of the said tradition. It is true that, for dynamism and coherence, Common Law depends on precedent for the preservation of its tradition. Therefore, what is this concept of precedent, which is so much a key part of Common Law? Precedent is an expression-shorthand-of stare decisis, which means to stand by the decisions3. In practice and theory, the concept of pre cedent implies that courts of lower cadre must follow or ensure their decisions are in tandem with those of courts of higher cadre in questions of law, and that, those higher courts should, by themselves, depart from decisions that they had prior made on questions of law, only in the event that there are important reasons for them to do so4. In simpler terms, the concept of precedent requires that court stand by their decisions in questions of law that are similar. The principles of precedent apply to decisions interpreting positive law as much as it applies to customary laws5. It should be noted that, in the event that lower courts fail to follow precedent of a higher court in its decision, chances are, such decisions can be reversed in appeal. In the case of ‘Central London Property Trust Ltd V. High Trees House Ltd [1947] Kb 130’, 1947, in which Central London had sued High Trees House for full payment of rent despite their previous agreement in 1940, where High Tree s House was to pay rent reduced by half6, is a perfect example of how the concept of precedence has been utilized in making decisions of questions in law. Judge, Lord Denning, J., in his ruling or judgment, that the full rent was payable from mid-1945 when the flat was fully occupied, followed past precedent from previous decisions such as that in the case of Hughes v Metropolitan Railway Co7. According to the principles of precedent, a court can only depart from past precedent only with strong justification. Deviation from precedent is permissible in the event that earlier decision has obvious error or the principle of law that the precedent established is not reasonable; or in the event that there are changes in law that render the reasoning behind the earlier decision weak8. This is evident in Judge, Lord Denning, J., judgment, which in his continued obiter statement; he claims that Central London would not have been able to receive full rent if they had tried to claim it from 19 40 onwards. This statement was not in binding with precedent; however, it led to the creation of the doctrine of promissory estoppel. The judge reasoned that, in the event that a person lead another person to believe that he/she will not enforce strict legal rights, the courts are obliged to prevent them, at a later stage, from doing so9. Courts have the obligation of distinguishing its case from precedent already established in the scenario where the facts in the current case

Language Learning Autobiography and Pre-Analysis Essay

Language Learning Autobiography and Pre-Analysis - Essay Example At first, this was a very challenging task as I did not have even the basic necessary level of English to understand or implement in my other studies. However . Later I found that ESL was very important for me as it helped me in my learning process. Though I had studied English in Korea, but that was only about basic vocabulary because my teachers there adopted a Grammar Translation approach to teaching language and hence, the focus was on grammar and no emphasis on speaking and listening. Thus, even though I succeeded in putting few sentences together orally, they had poor pronunciation, grammatical errors and repetitive words due to limited vocabulary. This made me realize that apart from the lack of speaking and listening practice , the traditional Korean approach did not work for me because it focused repetition and parroting rather than providing the opportunity of actually using the language. I also noticed that the teaching system , approach and methods here in Canada are very different from that of Korea as language learning here focuses on all four major skills- reading ,writing ,listening and speaking .Also the teaching is more student focused rather than the teacher providing all the input and the student being a passive learner. Here in Canada, I have become more of an autonomous learner and am able to understand how I best study and learn. In other words, I am more aware of my learning styles and patterns that best work for me. ESL curriculum should therefore, emphasize more on training in language learning strategies and help students be more aware of the learning patterns. As an ESL teacher, I would try to ensure my knowledge and ability in all possible ways in which students learn and also try to develop lessons by considering visual, auditory and kinesthetic learners. On reflection, I realized that at first my strategy was to imitate. Although I did not completely understand the teacher’s instructions, I was able to follow by imitating and taking the lead from the peers. The English teacher would usually teach a new language point and then start with class choral work before moving on to formation of small groups, par work and then individual responses. This allowed me the opportunity to imitate the other students and thus not only improve my language knowledge but to improve my pronunciation as well. My experience therefore coincides with the point of view given by Skinner, (cited in Coelho, 2004, p.142) who states that imitation through repetition is important in early stages of acquiring a first language and learning a second language. I l earnt and acquired English not only by study but also by social interaction with teachers and peers (both local and ESL students) which necessitated me to pull on or extract the language I already knew and manipulate it according to the situation in hand. In other words, this interaction provided me an opportunity to use English for communication rather than only for classroom intent. A new culture and totally different curriculum proved difficult initially as was a little apprehensive to so many changes , but due to the help form ESL teachers and proficient English speaking peers , I not only learnt fluent English but I also faired well in other subjects. Thus, as the school and classroom atmosphere worked in my favor, learning and acquiring my second language was not as tough. Vygotsky (cited in Coelho, 2004, p.146) states that when a child is acquiring their first language they learn best by interacting with peers that are at a higher level in language development than themselves they will learn better. He calls this the child’s proximal development zone, which is defined as the level just beyond where the child is at. I now

Thursday, July 25, 2019

Letrery anaylesis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Letrery anaylesis - Essay Example As the author, John Updike sets the story in an ordinary environment, where people have become accustomed to the monotony of everyday life. Sammy and the other attendants are used to serving grumpy customers, for example that woman who is at the counter when the three girls come in. Sammy describes her as â€Å"†¦one of those cash-register-watchers, a witch about fifty with rouge on her cheekbones and no eyebrows†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Updike 31). This kind of setting makes the girls stand out from the rest of the crowd, thus making Sammy mesmerized (Updike 32). The characters in the story are also well presented to fit their roles. For instance, Sammy is portrayed as a light-hearted teenager who is naturally attracted to the sight of the half-clothed girls. Sammy’s colleague Stokesie is portrayed as a young man who is forced to be responsible due to the fact he is married and has two kids. The most interesting character is Queenie who is the leader of the girls and is the epitome of beauty in a woman. Her beauty and the way she carries herself is enough to cause Sammy to quit his job in protest after Lengel embarrasses the girls because of their dressing. Updike uses a lot of imagery to add flavor to the story. For example, the herring snacks and beer glasses are used to show how rich the girls are, to be able to afford all those items. Updike also uses imagery to give the reader a clear picture of how the old people are stubborn. For example, Sammy talks about the old witch whose feathers he has to smooth. On the contrary, Queenie symbolizes beauty, and all that a woman should have (Updike

Wednesday, July 24, 2019

The concept of 'home' in Henry James' The Ambassadors and Theodore Essay

The concept of 'home' in Henry James' The Ambassadors and Theodore Dreiser's Sister Carrie - Essay Example Being an effective ambassador also means retaining one's loyalty to the homeland, although occupying a difference space. In Henry James' "Ambassadors" (1903), the protagonist, Lewis Strether is an American chosen to act as Mrs. Newsome's proxy in some family business. For some reason, Chadwick loses the will to return to America and to his mother, Mrs. Newsome. He has to use his powers of persuasion to urge the American-born Chadwick Newsome vacationing in Europe to return home. The concept of home is key in The Ambassadors and Sister Carrie since each character espouses a different view on home. Home can either be one's place of nativity, a fixed abode, or a place of rest and comfort. Because of the process of maturity, love of travel, and the desire to settle with one's own family, people chose to migrate and eventually live in a new place than formerly. Home is a place in which one's feels at ease and happy. This view of home becomes more and more popular among characters who migr ate and settle in a new area. Strether himself, the appointed American ambassador to Europe affirms that he "feels more and more at home" (James 34). Happiness shared is also an integral component of what makes a home atmosphere. Chadwick was unhappy at his original home in America. As Strather observes Chadwick, he sees a man transformed by personal fulfillment and happiness, even happier than he. Soon, The Ambassador is desirous of partaking in the happiness of the American emigre. The American Dream is also a promised land of toil and hardship, yet hold out the hope of an improved lifestyle. The United States is the land of freedom and opportunity where all are in the pursuit of happiness. All Americans are the predecessors of immigrants, boasting a proud nation of ancestors which built a nation through their daring to explore another land. As an American, Chadwick exports the heritage of Americanness to Europe-the quest for happiness and love of adventure. Strether discovers soo n that America is not the only land founded on the pursuit of happiness since in Europe, Chadwick pursues and finds happiness in culture and in the woman, Madame Marie de Vionnet. The irony is that Americans rediscover happiness in another land, even The Ambassador, Strether. While in Paris, Strather and Ms. Gosfrey who are Americans, feel at home. James describes vividly that "the circle in which they stood together was warm with life, and every question between them would live as nowhere else (James 81). Home evokes images of a world of domestic bliss and even a utopia. Furbished with many comforts and amenities, homes can either be fashionably luxurious or spare - nevertheless the true essence of a home lies not with the fixtures or appearance but in the people who live with one another. Equally, Theodore Dreiser in his book, Sister Carrie, attests that "a lovely home atmosphere is one of the flowers of the world, than which there is nothing more tender, nothing more delicate" (D reiser 81). Carrie, the protagonist is in quest of a home since she cannot fine true happiness in the rural area where she was born. Here, Carries begins the realize the treasure of that place called home. Home is a place for family. The eternal difference between a house and a home is family. What gives a home identity is the people who li

Tuesday, July 23, 2019

Similarities between the Picture House and theme parks in Disneyland Essay

Similarities between the Picture House and theme parks in Disneyland - Essay Example The only answer would be that until then we were confined to having pictures painted, but the possibility of seeing our pictures on paper as though they were real, enthralled people. The advent of the motion picture further popularized this cause. With the creation of movies, people who watched them began to feel that they were integral entities in the movie so much so that if there were an emotional scene, then most would be in tears, or if there were any action, one could see people emulating their favorite actors and sometimes would end up punching the fellow next to them accidentally. People began to sense their lives in the movie's story and this is the prime reason as to why people loved to throng the picture house. Pictures were beginning to be made on all sorts of subjects, from comedy to tragedy; from history to mystery; from morals to quarrels etc. Within due course of time, movies had extended such an influence over the public that everyone wanted to emulate his personal hero, for whom he was god (the actors in this case). We like to develop ourselves into looking and behave like our heroes. Cinemas became symbols of economic prosperity, and people felt proud of its stature.

Monday, July 22, 2019

Comparing The Foresyte Saga Essay Example for Free

Comparing The Foresyte Saga Essay Both extracts explore the theme of adultery and extreme examples of conflict in a relationship. However, the differing time periods in which they are set and the contrasting ways in which the authors portray them, vary accordingly. In both extracts it appears that the female protagonists seem to be the source of the problem within the relationship and the extracts centre on their supposed adulterous behaviour. The two extracts differ because in Shakespeares Othello, the audience know that Desdemona has in fact not cheated on her husband, but his possessive nature and mistrust of her has warped his judgement. In Galsworthys novel, it is clear that the character of Irene clearly has been unfaithful through the description of her body language and the dialogue used, so youve come back. The men in both extracts have the controlling factor within their relationships, and suffer from possessive love. In Othello, his desire to control Desdemona and to have her all to himself because shes his wife, clouds his judgement on the situation; hed rather her dead than for her to be with any other man and break anothers heart. In Galsworthys novel, the man is indeed slowly losing control, but still tries to grasp it. His wife had gone off and had an affair and he wasnt able to control that. Now he tries to claw it back by shouting at her to leave, get out of my sight, and then contradicts himself by continuing to ask her to stay, which she obeys, and he is now in the stronger position. John Galsworthy uses animalistic imagery throughout this extract to show the way that Irene has become trapped: resemblance to a captive owl. This comparison also shows the way Irene has become vulnerable, having lost her independence and freedom. This mirrors the situation of Desdemona in Shakespeares Othello. In this scene Desdemona is entirely helpless, Othello having already decided what must be done as an alpha male: sweet soul, take heed of perjury: thou art on thy death bed. Shakespeares choice of language, for example, his use of imperatives, Down, strumpet! makes it clear to the audience how much in control Othello is. This control is echoed in Soames, who speaks with great authority and power: take your hated body out of my house Get out of my sight. Soames commands his wife here in a way that suggests he views her as a possession, who should not disobey him, emphasised in Galsworthys use of the image of Irene huddled in the fur, as though she is a belonging. Again Shakespeare reflects this idea in Othello, with the handkerchief used as a dramatic device embodying Desdemonas belonging to Othello, her supposed giving it away driving him to madness: I saw my handkerchief ins hand. Thou dost stone my heart. Neither Soames nor Othello can see the fault in their own actions, demonstrated by Galsworthy through rhetorical questions: Why should I suffer? What have I done? Irene, however, is left in a helpless place, the animalistic imagery continuing, likening her to a trapped bird, her spirit crushed and giving up, a bird shot and dying, taking farewell of all that is good the sun and air and its mate. This comparison also links back to Irenes now dead lover Bosinney, her partner, without whom she feels she is unable to function. Shakespeare uses stichomythia to create a passionate atmosphere. Short dramatic lines such as it is too late, build tension in the audience. John Galsworthy also uses speech to create tension but does so via the exposure of Soames thoughts. Take away that pitiful white face. Soames outburst is made particularly striking in the way that Galsworthy withholds excessive speech up until this point. Unlike Shakespeare who employs continuous dialogue and only one stage direction in this extract, to create a sense of a never ending flow of emotion. The structure used in Othello is used in the build up of tension, for instance the stichomythia used towards the end of the extract. This technique is commonly utilised to dramatic effect in plays. The structure in Othello is generally used advance the narrative and to further increase the build up of tension towards the dramatic climax at the end of the play. In the Forsyte Saga the structure allows the author to progress and elaborate on the metaphors used. Galsworthy uses the structure to put emphasis on certain words or phrases: so they sat, by the firelight, in the silence, one on each side of the hearth. Typically of a novel the structure shows the progressive thoughts of the narrator and isnt necessarily as linear as that in a play (ie Othello). Wider Reading: The poem My Last Duchess also carries the theme of adultery and extreme example of conflict in a relationship. Robert Browning doesnt make it clear whether the woman is guilty, but the Duke, like Othello is guilty of jealousy. He doesnt believe she treats her husband and different to any other men all and each, she liked whateer she looked on, and went everywhere, suggesting she flirted alot, not that the Duke has any proof. The repetition of that spot of joy emphasises how the fact her smile wasnt just reserved for him bothered him, so much so that he used the harsh language like Ann Galsworthys choice of Get out of my sight here, that in you disgusts me; here you miss, or exceed the mark, this shows his dark side and makes the reader question whether he killed her himself without knowing what she had done, similar to the way Othello acts on rage of his pride being damaged. The Duke also seems to be very possessive of the Duchess as is Othello and Soames Forsyte. Here he opens the poem Thats my last Duchess painted on the wall immediately highlighting he owns the painting, but also implies he owns her in person. He also seems to like the fact he can control who looks at the painting, the curtain I have drawn for you, but couldnt control who looked at his wife when she was alive. Additionally, in comparison to the imperatives Shakespeare and John Galsworthy use, Browning stresses the Dukes power through his quite forceful request, willt please you sit and look at her, almost as if the Duke is desperate for his audience to understand his anger, he states I gave commands, yet it seems she didnt obey him, hence he killed her, then all smiles stopped together.

Sunday, July 21, 2019

The Use Of Mobile Devices In Schools

The Use Of Mobile Devices In Schools Most of our classrooms of today do not differ much from those of the 19th century, chalk and talk, as well as desk and texts (Roschelle et al. 2000: 76) are still the primary structure of classroom lessons as they were back then. But yet, as explained by Roschelle et al. (2000), todays curricula, together with societal demands, expects students to learn and know a lot more than previous generations. With time, technology increases rapidly and becomes more ubitquitous. Mobile devices have become an integral part of the 21st century student. From cell phones to mp3 players, digital cameras to mobile tablets. These are their tools that is like extentions to their brain (Prensky 2005: 10) that they use in their everyday lives. Educating students without these tools is like educating a doctor whithout a scalpel. The use of mobile technology to facilitate learning is slowly starting to emerge as an area of its own and refered to as m-learning. This review will be looking at what research has been done in the literature regarding the use and integration of mobile devices in the educational system. Research Topic The chosen research topic is part of an existing research project where Android mobile tablets are distributed to schools with mathematics content on. The purpose of my research will be to evaluate the usefulness of the mobipads in supporting mathematics learning in classrooms. This research topic falls into the broad area of mobile learning (m-learning). Problem Outside of schools, new technology such as mobile devices is changing the way we find information, how we learn and even how we are entertained, but, although our education institutes are aware of these happenings outside of schools, they still prohibit the use of mobile phones and other mobile devices (Squire 2009: 73). It is inevitable that technology, but especially mobile devices, needs to be integrated into the schooling system which leaves us with the question: How can mobile devices be integrated into our learning institues to be perceived useful by both educators and learners? Main Research Question As stated is Section 2, I will be conducting research within an existing project which aims to suggest one way to address the problem as stated in Section 3. My main research question then will be: Are mobile devices such as Android mobile tablets a useful tool to support the learning of mathematics in classrooms? Background Background to Topic Digital natives is what students of today are called according to Prensky (2005: 8), because they grew up and live in the digital world of today (Franklin Peng, 2008: 69). Consequently they are very familier with all types of mobile devices as they use it in their everyday lives in numerous day-to-day activities. When mobile devices (excluding mobile phones) first made their appearance, they were referred to as handheld computers and where merely just stripped down versions of their more complex desktop predecessors (Squire, 2009: 71). Squire (2009) further explains that researchers began to study mobile devices more in depth to find out what makes it unique and how it can be utilized. Anytime/anywhere is the most unique characteristic of mobile devices. Mobile learning (m-learning) is a phenomenon that is rapidly evolving as more and more people rely on their mobile devices to provide them with needed information at any time and any location. According to Chang, Sheu and Chan (2003: 337) m-learning consits of three necessary elements: the mobile learning device; the communication infrastructure and a learning activity. Huang and Lin (2007:585) defines mobile learning as activities in which people use mobile devices such as cellphones, personal digital assistants (PDA), mobile tablets (mobipads), etc. to facilitate learning, studying or teaching of any kind. Ting (2005) goes further by stating that mobile learning is not aimed at replacing the traditional classroom learning system, but it provides an additional way to get learning content and to embed learning into the daily lives of people. Huang Lin (2007) cunducted research in the user acceptance of m-learning. Their reseach findings suggest that individuals perceive m-learning a s omnipresent and easy to use and with the mobility it offers, m-learning is regared as a very useful by students. Mathematics has always been known as a problem subject that students underachieves in and struggles to understand. Rubin (1999: 3) argues that it is due to the fact that mathematics is often viewed as an abstract topic, filled with symbols and invisible concepts. He continues to argue that the lack of dynamic and visual illustrations of the maths concepts, makes it all the more difficult to understand, especially for the 21st century student that is more visual orientated. According to Rubin (1999: 3), technology can help to create dynamic visual images. Franklin and Peng (2008) did just that. They distrubuted iPod Touch mobile devices in an eighth grade math class where the students created math videos to explain difficult math concepts to their fellow students. Some of the students responded by saying that in order to be able to create proper videos, it required them to think harder and longer about the mathematics concepts and that they realized how hard it is to explain maths to others. Swan, van t Hooft and Kratcoski (2005: 100) supports Franklin and Pengs (2008) findings by stating that the use of mobile devices can support personalized and collaborative learning. Swan et al. (2005) provided a sample of students with mobile computing devices to take home with them. Their results shows that these devices were not only used inside the formal environment of school, but also infomrally outside of school boundries to facilitate learning. This can be partly explained by the fact that students having a mobile device in hand feels like second nature to students of the contemporary age, it keeps them busy and entertained. Swan et al. (2005: 100) found that students were more motivated and engaged in more learning activites which resulted in students being more productive. Students using mobile technologies to collaboratively perform problem-solving activities, proves to have a positive influence on their level of understanding of the processes and content (Klopfer, Yoon Rivas 2004: 348). In their research case study, Franklin and Peng (2008: 78) found that using technology even helped special education students to better understand the concepts of the mathematics and kept them interested in the content of the work for longer. As previously discussed, the current generation of students grow up constantly exposed to technology and thus are more technology literate than those students of a decade ago (Swan et al. 2005). Keeping in mind the increasing use of mobile gaming devices and video gaming consoles, Squire (2009) investigated how the use of mobile devices ousite of the school environment impacts learning and education. Squire (2009: 72) argues that although the utilization of mobile devices in formal schooling environments are coming around slowly, there already is a big emerging market for gaming companies to develop games for learning. Nintendos Brain Age product and More Brain Training advertising campaigns and UbiSofts My Spanish Coach is a few examples the Squire (2009:72) mentions were one can see that more gaming companies are developing educational games that facilitates some sort of learning. Squire collaborated with Klopfer in (Klopfer Squire, 2008) to investigate the use of augmented reality (AR) games for learning purposes in educational institutes. AR games were developed on the concept that students are players within virtual worlds that are created by the game based on real worlds, and move around, interact and respond to simulated activities (Squire, 2009: 73). Squire (2009: 73) explains further that while students move through this virtual version of a real world, they get access to news clips, historical photographs and other multimedia data relevant to the specific place they are in within the game. Squire (2008: 73) found that through this kind of learning, students develop a tendency to ask deeper questions in problem-solving situations. More reseach done by Klopfer and Squire (2008: 6) brought to light that there are numerous entertainment and educational applications for mobile devices that only enhances these devices teaching potential. All of these apllications are developed with the chatacteristics of mobile technology in mind that includes portibility, connectivity and individuality. These entertainment and educational application offers features like real-time data on a wide range of subjects, immediate feedback on questions and aswers and facilitation of group work by students. Through the literature, it is becoming evident that educators are starting to believe that they can use the unique facilities that mobile devices offers to keep students engaged and more easily distribute the coursework and content to them (Franklin Peng, 2008: 71). Schools of thinking emerging from literature In the literature it comes across that the general school of thinking falls within an interpretivism paradigm which, according to Oats (2006: 291), is used to understand the social context of something. The use of mobile devices is by itself of social nature because it is used to communicate with others, work collaboratively with others and to entertain. When one studies the use of mobile devices, the use of data gathering methods like interviews, questionnaires and diary studies or journal studies are used were the learners are asked to analyse themselves in terms of their own thought and learning experiences (Pachler et al. 2010: 71) with regards to using these mobile devices. This goes together with observations that the researcher does in the natural environment where the mobile technology are being utilized. This kind of research is usually done over a time period, to be able to get a more holistic view of the specific phenomenon. The case study research strategy allowed Frankli n and Peng (2008) to give an indepth discussion of the utilization of iPod Touch mobile devices in two middle schools. Klopfer and Squire (2008) conducted a series of discriptive case studies to learn what the users experiences were of learning through augmented reality games and found it to be a strategy that gets user data quickly and leeds to a rich and detailed description thereof. They gathered their data through participant observaton, unstructured interviewsTo research the use of mobile tablets in a classroom environment for learning mathematics, I will be following the above school of thinking as I think it is most relevant. Many studies do follow the more scientific methods by making use of experiments that they implement in the field to determine the effect of the implementation of the mobile devices. Scanlon, Jones and Waycot (2005:7) refers to an experiment done on a sample of secondary school students. Each student was given a Pocketbook and were instructed to do a few activites with it. Questionairs served as a pre- and post-intervention measurement. A simmular research structure was followed by Klopfer et al. (2004). Rivera (n.d.) conducted a quasi-experiment with a control group and treatment group to test the effects of integrating technology such as skype to communicate with educators and online interactive white boards for online tutoring sessions. Rivera used the course exams as a measuring instrument as well as the amount of times the students accessed the online help site for the course. Observing the two control groups in their classroom environment and online was another gata gathering me thod that she utilized. Sometimes authors combine different research strategies to best suit their research objectives. Huang and Lin (2007) made use of an online survey as a means of gathering data which they then statistically analysed to be able to prove or disprove hypothesis. When authors follow a more scientific school of thinking, generally the data is statistically analised to answer their research questions and draw conclusions from. Challenges The following are challenges that have been identified by the literature regarding the use of mobile devices for educational purposes in classrooms: Lack of technical support. During their research Franklin and Peng (2008:75) that the need for quality technical support is critical. Challenges that they came accros was the provision of wireless technology without an expert to set it up. Although, the teacher had to contact the principle everytime a website that the students needed to work on, got blocked. It is not uncommon that schools are provided with technology to use in their classrooms, but without the necessary technical support and expertise. This can place a big damper on the idea that technology in classrooms is a fun experience and rather easy to use. The scarcity of recharging stations for the mobile devices. Providing facilities for roughly 40 students per class is a primary challenge (Franklin Peng, 2008: 76) that cannot be avoided when wanting to introduce mobile devices into classrooms. Technology skills of educator. Educators of the classes where the mobile devices are implemented, first needs to develop and learn the necessary technology skills to operate the mobile devices (Franklin Peng, 2008). This will be a challenge especially when the educator is of an older generation that did not necessarily grow up with technology and was not previously exposed to a lot of technology. Roschelle et al. (2000: 90) argues that technology support for teachers is often overlooked easily. The curriculum needs rethinking. Squire (2009: 73) expresses difficulties of trying to integrate the mobile media devices into the traditional schooling structure. Franklin and Peng (2008: 76) argues that presenting subjects like maths visually and with the use of technology, is a foreign concept for most educators in schools. The schools capacity to change. Roschelle et al. (2000: 91) argues the some schools are more reluctant at accepting the use of technology into their classrooms and curriculum. They still view the use of mobile devices for learning as foreign and unknown and therefore prefer to hold on to their current schooling structure. Opportunities The following opportunities for further research in the field of m-learning and mobile devices in education that have been identified by the literature: Huang and Lin (2007: 586) states that not much empirical research has been done on on mobile learning from the perspective of the learner. They argue that m-learning can only be improved if the behaviour, experiences and acceptance of the user of m-learning is studied. According to Squire (2009: 70) there has been little research done on to study and understand the impact of mobile media on learning where the mobile device is used outside of formal structures and in students own time. This is supported by Scanlon et al. (2005: 2) when he identifies that there is a need for research on the learning of science on mobile devices in an informal setting. Roschelle et al. (2000: 76) states that further case study research is needed to identify ways to use mobile technology that will support learning most effectively and the successful implementation thereof. More case study research is needed to investigate and better understand the aspects of peoples daily lives where they use mobile devices (Scanlon et al. 2005) and how m-learning relates to that. The use of mobile devices for educational purposes in classrooms as an m-learning tool offers several advantages and opportunities for the students as well as their society: Students can share the knowledge on the mobile devices with their peers in collaborative activities and with other friends or family at home. This opportunity was revealed when Franklin Peng (2008: 77) saw students sharing their earphones with someone else so both can whatch the educational videos on the iPod Touch. Students are provided with the opportunities of anytime/anywhere learning (Squire 2009: 71). Scanlon et al. (2005: 6) supports this by stating that due to the fact that mobile devices are rather affordable and provide portability, accessibility and immediacy, students can get what they need, when they need it (Staudt Hsi, 1999 In Scanlon et al. 2005: 6) and not be bound by their physical location. Students do not just learn about the subject presented by the mobile device, but they also learn how to use the technology, as some students do not have the technology at home and thus not the opportunity of learning about it otherwise (Franklin Peng 2008). This is valuable to the students development and crucial skills to have in their future. Roschelle et al. (2000: 88) identify a few advantages that doing mathematics on technology devices have for the students: (1) students can explore different ways of solving problems by because they can change and manipulate mathematical notations quickly and then (2) receive immediate feedback on the correctness of their notion and (3) students can make more sence out of the maths contect by either associating mathematical concepts to data from the real world or simulations thereof. Conclusion From the research it is clear that both researcher and educators have noticed the fast growing phenomenon that is m-learning through mobile devices. It is slowly but surely redesigning the chalk talk and desk and texts structure of our classrooms. Numerous studies have been done by researchers, some even collaborated with educators, to examine the presence, effects and uses of mobile devices in schools that facilitate learning in both formal and informal settings. Mobile devices offer some unique opportunities: Learning is no longer dependent on the location of the learner, but rather, anyone with a mobile device and the needed wireless connection can learn anything, anywhere and anytime. Knowledge can be shared a lot easier and promotes collaborative learning. Users of the device do not just learn about the content on it, but also about the technology they are working with. The different uses of mobile devices in peoples everyday lives. Because the use of mobile devices in schools is still relatively new, there are some challenges that were identified through literature: Lack of technical support with problems and queries in the classes where mobile devices are being used. The scarcity of recharging stations for the mobile devices in classrooms. Educators need to develop or update their technology skills before they can facilitate a class where the devices are used. The education curriculum needs to be revised in order to facilitate the use of mobile devices and utilize it to its full potential. Some schools still view the use of mobile devices for learning as foreign and unknown and therefore they are reluctant to change. It is sure that, by time, these challenges will be overcome more easily. Drawn from the research, it can be said with certainty that the use of mobile technology in education institutes is the way of the future, but a lot more research is needed on how to utilize it successfully to provide the youth with quality education that will allow them to strive in the world. By researching the effectiveness of using mobile tablets (mobipads) in classrooms as a tool for learning mathematics, will contribute to the m-learning body of knowledge in a much needed way. Word count: 3160

Things Fall Apart Masculinity English Literature Essay

Things Fall Apart Masculinity English Literature Essay Our lives are influenced by our peers and there believes. For instances, Ibo tribes in Africa believe in male masculinity and dominance, such that all individuals are conditioned from a young age to understand the concept of male superiority. Anyone who strays away from this believe is shunned by the community or considered weak. In Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart the main character Okonkwos life is based upon the believe of male masculinity and hard work. He prides himself on his masculinity and does not accept failure or weakness of any kind including any from his family members. An example of an individual that Okonkwo despised and does not accept was Okwonkos father Unoka. To the community he was weak and considered to not be a true man. He was a failure in the eyes of society and constantly burrowed money. Unoka had only taken one wife and was unable to support his family. This inability to support his family stemmed from his bad work ethic and laziness. When Unoka died he had taken no title at all and he was heavily in debt (pg. 5). Due to his failure Unoka was frequently called an Agbala, which is a word that means a woman or an insult that describes a man that has taken no titles. Seeing his father inability to provide for the family Okwonko devoted his life to hard work and to hate everything his father loved. Unokas failures sculpted Okwonko to the man he was in the novel he became hard working and despised laziness. He was the complete opposite of Unoka, earning many titles, having many wives and being a successful man. All aspects of Okonkwos life were devoted to masculinity. Even when farming he was conditioned by his clansmen that yams their staple crop is the king of crops. This is further the male dominance in the Ibo culture because males will be the only people able to provide for the family. When his family was working hard to provide food he thought it would not help because they could not grow yams. He thought that His mother and sisters worked hard enough, but they grew womens crops, like coco-yams, beans and cassava.(pg. 19) and that Yam, the king of crops, was a mans crop (pg. 19). These believe caused him to seek yams seeds at a young age to try to help grow crops for his family. Masculinity is so important to Okonkwo that he would have done everything he could to prevent anyone from questioning his masculinity. This is due to his father failure and position in the Ibo community. Every time he felt weak Okonkwo was reminded of his father failure and how he was not able to provide for his family. Which lead Okonkwo to even participated in the killing of his adoptive son Ikemefuna because he was afraid of being thought weak (pg. 53). Afterward he slumped into a period of depression because of his actions. Okonkwo did not taste any food for two days after the death of Ikemefuna (pg.55). His view of masculinity is so high that he was even willing to kill his loved ones. One of the main traits of masculinity that Okonkwo believed in was the ability to control everyone in his household. He believed that all people must obey what he says in house and do what they were told. Whenever any of his wives talked back or tried to argue with him he would beat them. Okonkwo ruled his household with a heavy hand. His wives, especially the youngest, lived in perpetual fear of his fiery temper (pg. 10). Â  In addition he believed that no matter how prosperous a man was, if he was unable to rule his women and his children (and especially his women) he was not really a man (pg.46). This is why he would always talk down to his children and wives to show that he is the authority figure in the house and if anyone one would question this he would beat them. Overall Okonkwo refused to accept any signs of someone challenging his authority as the leader of his house hold. During The New Yam Festival, a holiday that is celebrated by feasting an argument arises between Okonkwo and his second wife Ekwefi. The New Yam Festival was a time of relaxation but in the eyes of Okonkwo it is a sign of laziness which he hates so very much. This causes him to become angry and in a fit he complains about a banana tree which Ekwefi cut some leaves form. Without further argument Okwonkwo gave her a sound beating and left her and her only daughter weeping (pg. 33). Okwonko became even more enraged when he heard her murmured something about guns that never shot (pg. 33), an insult on his poor hunting skills and shot at her with his gun. Luckily for Ekwefi he missed, but this proved how any sign of defiance or challenge to his masculinity is unacceptable to him in anyway. Throughout the novel Okonkwo does not show any signs of compassion for his children. In his perspective it is effeminate and a sign of weakness. This is also the reason why he never shows any love for his daughter Enzima. He even stated that he will not have a son who cannot hold up his head in the gathering of the clan (pg. 28) and that he would rather strangle him with his own hands. (pg.28). At one point he scolded Nyowe his eldest son and Ikemefuna his adoptive son about how to grow yams properly. Inwardly Okonkwo knew that the boys were still too young to understand fully the difficult art of preparing seed-yams. But he thought that one could not begin too early. Yam stood for manliness, and he who could feed his family on yams from one gravest to another was a very great man indeed (pg. 28). This shows how important being a man is and how being effeminate will not be tolerated in his household while he is alive. Okwonko even put his favorite child in danger because of his masculinity. When Ezinma fell sick Ekwefi wanted to take action, but the Oracle would not let her. Okwonko did not try to stop the Oracle even thought he loved Ezinma. He was afraid that if he showed any compassion he would be thought of as less of a man. Ekwefi could not even take any action for her own daughters sake for it was against the tradition and culture of their village Umofia. Ekwefi already lost five other children at young ages but now that Ezinma had come to ten years of age she refuse to let anything hurt her. She did everything she could to protect her. Even before Ezinma was born Okonkwo hired a medicine man to help get rid of the bad spirit that was haunting her. The doctor ordered that there should be no more mourning for the dead child. Then he took it away to bury in the Evil Forest, holding it by the ankle and dragging it on the ground behind him. (pg. 69). Yet Okwonko let the Oracle take Enzima away a nd only went looking for her after a while because it was the manly thing to do. Okwonkos belief in the Ibo masculine lifestyle eventually leads him to his death. He wanted to take action and kill everyone who was trying to change his way of life that he grew up with. When the messengers came to stop the gathering Okonkwo drew his machete(pg. 176) and cut the lead messenger down. The messenger crouched to avoid the blow. It was useless. Okonkwos machete descended twice and the mans head lay beside his uniformed body. (pg. 176). Then everyone started to panic and question why he killed the messengers. That was when he realized his way of life was over because they let the other messengers escape. Later on he committed suicide by hanging himself from a tree. This shows that he was so ingrained in his cultures lifestyle that when it was taken away he had nothing left to live for. Okonkwos believe of masculinity lead him to beat his own children and wife. In addition it also lead him to kill one of his loved ones. Even thought he loved Ikemfuna like a son he hated weakness so much because of his father laziness and inability to support his family. Okonkwos also believes that yams are the king of all crops like all his clansmen does because it is the staple crop of the Ibo people of Africa. He is so ingrained in the belief of masculinity that he commits suicide when he discovered his way of life that he lived his entire life had been taken away from him. We live our lives based on the ideas of people around us and when it is gone we are gone with it such in the case of Okonkwo. Words 1502

Saturday, July 20, 2019

Anti-Semitism in The Merchant of Venice :: Merchant of Venice Essays

Anti-Semitism in"The Merchant of Venice" Anti-Semitism in "The Merchant of Venice" Throughout the play, "The Merchant of Venice" William Shakespeare portrays anti-Semitism through many of his characters. Audiences today may interpret the play to be offensive, where as people of Shakespeare’s time would have accepted the play as part of everyday life. The majority of London’s population at the time was anti-Semitic because there were very few Jews living there. Shakespeare’s "The Merchant of Venice" supports anti-Semitism actions and thoughts and therefore it is an anti- Semitic play. Anti- Semitism is demonstrated very strongly through the character of Antonio. It is clear that Antonio is prejudice towards Jews. Shylock confronts Antonio for spitting on his gabardine, calling him a ‘dog’, and scolding him in the Rialto about his moneys. Antonio replies with, "I am like to call thee so again, To spet on thee again, to spurn thee, too"(1.3.140-141). Antonio does not deny his actions and instead of apologizing he says he will do them again. He does not hold back his feelings for Shylock and in a broad sense his feelings toward Jews. In the second act, Launcelot is debating whether or not he should seek a new employer. His problem is that he works for Shylock, who is Jewish. Launcelot thinks to himself, "Certainly the Jew is the very devil incarnation" (2.2.24). Eventually, he decides to run away from Shylock rather than continue working for a Jew. He then presents the argument, "I am a Jew if I serve the Jew any longer" (2.2.104) to his father. Before accepting the new job, Antonio discusses the matter with his father and reminds himself that Bassanio is much poorer than Shylock, b ut that he would much rather work for a Christian than a Jew. Lorenzo harshly insults Shylock when he tells Jessica that if her father ever makes it to heaven, it is only because Jessica converted to Christianity and that is portrayed through the line, "If e’er the Jew her father come to heaven, It will be for his gentle daughter’s sake" (2.4.36-7). Lorenzo describes Jessica using the word gentle. The word gentle in Shakespeare’s time can also be pronounced gentile which means against Judaism. In this quote and later on in the play through the line, "Our house is hell, and the, a merry devil"(2.3.2-3), Shakespeare is informing the reader that Jessica dislikes her father and that the house she has lived in with him is hell.

Friday, July 19, 2019

APEC Essay -- essays research papers fc

Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) began in 1989 in reaction to the developing interdependence among Asia-Pacific economies. At first this organization was a group that met unofficially. APEC now has become the crucial provincial conduit for encouraging open trade and realistic economic cooperation. It’s objective is to progress Asia-Pacific economic vitality and the essence of the people. APEC consists of 21 nations and other political units that border the Pacific Ocean. Economic and political alliances have been formed among the countries of the Pacific Rim. APEC's aims include reducing trade barriers among its members and to further trade and investment in the region. Its principles are to support economic growth and development of the region and world economic liberalization, to reduce barriers of the trade of goods, services and investment, and to facilitate economic, technical and investment cooperation among its member economies. (http://www.apec2002.org.mx/sevents)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are now twenty-one active members in APEC. Twelve nations have been members since the group was formed in 1989: Australia, Brunei, Canada, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, New Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Thailand, and the United States. In 1991, China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan became members. Mexico and Papua New Guinea joined in 1993, and Chile in 1994. Hong Kong became a special administrative region of China in 1997 but kept its separate membership in APEC. Peru, Russia, and Vietnam became members in 1998. (http://www.apecsec.org.sg/) http://www.apec2002.org.mx/index.cfm?action=content&IdCategory=1&IdSubCategory=7&IdTopic=2   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first two years of APEC, the members set up ten groups that would investigate opportunities for cooperation. The members of APEC meet annually since the beginning of the formation of APEC. In 1993 the heads of APEC met to constitute working groups to inquire about local cooperation in the areas of higher education, human resource development, and trade and investment. They also set up the Pacific Business Forum. The Pacific Business Forum was created to elevate immediate cooperation with privately owned businesses. Through many forums and meeting APEC agreed to implant a free-trade zone in the midst of their countries by the year 2020.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  &n... ...ilateralism means that the ideas of other members are not properly discussed. This becomes a problem because the decisions that APEC makes will affect all of its members. A debate over the subject matters of APEC will help to create more momentous steps toward greater trade and investment where exposure becomes an actuality.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Even though APEC has some problems their accomplishments outweigh them. APEC is still working towards its goal of free and open trade with working groups and committees. Working groups inquire about local cooperation with specific topics. APEC is particularly important in making the region focus on issues of trade and opening the global market.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Works Cited http://usinfo.state.gov/regional/ae/apec.htm http://www.noie.gov http://www.apecsec.org.sg/ http://www.apec2002.org.mx http://www.apec2002.org.mx/sevents http://www.apec2002.org.mx/index.cfm?action=content&IdCategory=1&IdSubCategory=7&IdTopic=2 http://www.apecsec.org.sg/loadall.htm?http://www.apecsec.org.sg/workgroup/fish.html http://www.mac.doc.gov/internet/aplacfaq.htm http://www.brook.edu/dybdocroot/comm/PolicyBriefs/pb026/pb26.htm

Downsizing in America :: Essays Papers

Downsizing in America - INTRODUCTION - Downsizing, restructuring, rightsizing, even a term as obscure as census readjustment has been used to describe the plague that has been affecting corporate America for years and has left many of its hardest working employees without work. In the 1980’s, twenty-five percent of middle management was eliminated in the United States (Greenberg/Baron 582). In the 1990’s, one million managers of American corporations with salaries over $40,000 also lost their jobs (Greenberg/Baron 582). In total, Fortune 500 companies have eliminated 4.4 million positions since 1979 (Greenberg/Baron 627). Although this downsizing of companies can have many reasons behind it and cannot be avoided at times, there are simple measures a company can take to make the process easier on the laid-off employees and those who survive with the company. - STAGES OF DOWNSIZING - The downsizing process can generally be broken down into three distinct stages. The first stage is called the diagnostic stage. In this stage, management staff pulls together and determines the amount of costs and expenses that need to be reduced, and how much can come out of layoffs (Moore 49). This stage usually takes about two to three months to complete. During this time, the upper management reviews all financial records in order to determine how much must be cut from salary expenditures (Moore 50). This stage is concluded when the senior management has a detailed plan on who will be let go, and who will remain with the company. During this stage, there is one common mistake many companies make: lack of communication. The middle management is usually left out of all downsizing plans. This is wrong and creates a big mistake. Middle management should be looked upon as a valuable tool for giving input where cuts should be made (Moore 51). The next stage of downsizing is the implementation stage. During this stage the employees are laid off. The time between an announcement and the actual layoff should be as short as possible. This will almost insure that a panic will be avoided, and give a clear view of the situation at hand without causing mass-hysteria. In a managerial position, it is difficult to explain to an employee that he or she is being laid off, but Terrence Moore gives a guideline on how it should be done. Small talk should be avoided. Management should clearly explain that the employee is being laid off and be prepared to answer questions directly; avoid beating around the bush.

Thursday, July 18, 2019

Review Questions Essay

1. What does the word â€Å"processing† in data processing mean? A process is any manipulation of data, usually with the goal of producing information. 2. Give three examples in which raw data also serves as useful information. Input Process Output 3. Give three business examples (not mentioned in the text) of data that must be processed to provide useful information. Complete Accurate Current 4. Give three examples of subsystems not operating in the context of IT. Why are these considered subsystems and not systems? Account Payable – records information about money that organization owes to suppliers and service providers General Ledger– records current transactions Account Receivable– records sums owed to the organization and by whom each subsystem has a well-defined goal. Together, the subsystems make up the organization’s accounting system. 5. How do TPSs and DSSs differ? Transaction Processing Systems (TPSs) is any system that records transactions; Decision Support Systems (DSSs) is the information system that aids managers in making decisions based on built-in models. 6. What is a problem? Give an example of a business problem and discuss how a computer-based information system could solve it. A problem is any undesirable situation. Both problem-solving and decision-making require information gathering the right information efficiently, storing it so that it can be used and manipulated as necessary, and using it to help an organization achieve its business goals are the keys to success. 7. What is synergy? How is synergy accomplished when a person uses a computer? Explain the connection between synergy and increased productivity. Synergy (from Greek â€Å"To work together†) is the attainment of output, when two factors work together, that is greater or better than the sum of their products when they were separately. 8. â€Å"An information system consists of hardware and software.† Why is this statement inadequate? An information system has become synonymous with a computer-based information system that computers collect, store, and process data into information according to instructions people provide via computer programs. 9. In which situations does one need to make a decision? Give three examples not mentioned in the chapter. What if we purchase raw materials overseas? What if we merge our warehouses? What if we double our shifts and cut our staff? 10. How can a DSS help make decisions? Organizations often build information systems specifically designed to help make decisions. 11. Note the word â€Å"support† in decision support systems. Why these applications are not called decision-making systems? Because they have neither the time nor the resources to study and absorb long, detailed reports of data and information, organizations often build information systems specifically designed to help make decisions. 12. Who is considered a knowledge worker? Will you have a career as a knowledge worker? Explain. Hardware and software platforms, products, and applications System analyst – proven knowledge in advanced operating and personal computer systems; must have a thorough understanding in multiple 13. What is the most prevalent type of information system? Why this type of is IS so ubiquitous? Supply Chain Management System; the term â€Å"supply Chain† refers to the sequence of activities involved in producing and selling a product or service. 14. TPSs are usually used at the boundaries of the organization. What are boundaries in this context? Give three examples of boundaries. TPSs the predominant function of TPSs is to record data collected at the boundaries of organizations, in other words, at the point where the organization transacts business with other parties. They also record many of the transactions that take place inside an organization. Automatic Teller Machine (ATM) Credit card-processing POS machines 15. Among IT professionals, the greatest demand is for network administrators and analysts. Why? Because they are among the top 25 percent of the best-paying jobs.

Wednesday, July 17, 2019

Fin 580

1. (TCO D) The most rich single technique in ad hominem risk management to assist an one-on-one in determining how much life story damages is needed is (Points 4) Computing the humanity Life Value. Using the probability of finish each year, prevailing interest grade and as shopping centered inflation rates to muster up the discounted present measure out of a incoming income stream. x Assessing the familys total economic involve and subtracting financial resources available to meet those needs.Estimating the sum of money which, when paid in installments, allow for produce the same income as the psyche would have earned, after deducting assumed amounts for taxes and own(prenominal) maintenance expenses. Using a ternary of earnings adjusted for occupation. 2. (TCO D) Mike had a $100,000 whole life insurance polity with a $10,000 loan outstanding when he died. The policy had a $20,000 cash value prior to the loan. How much will his donee receive following Mikes death? ( Points 4) $120,000 110,000 $100,000 xx $90,000 $30,000 3. (TCO D) If your employment is terminated, COBRA provides for (Points 4) Cancellation of all meeting insurance benefits. Continuation of group insurance benefits until you argon reemployed. Permanent prolongation of group health insurance. x Temporary continuation of group insurance benefits you pay premiums. Temporary continuation of group insurance benefits employer pays premiums. 4. (TCO D) Which of the following high hat describes a pre-existing condition? Points 4) An exclusion. Cancer, mall condition or other respectable diseases. An injury that results from an accident. Something not covered by the insurance policy. x A medical checkup condition for which one has previously been treated. 5. (TCO D) The refine of ______ gives the insurance alliance the right to domesticize its costs from the at-fault party after the company has paid a claim to its insured. (Points 4) x Subrogation Indemnity Insurance intere st Coinsurance none of these

Tuesday, July 16, 2019

Journal Article Review Homeless Veterans Essay

Journal Article Review Homeless Veterans Essay

With PTSD, veterans may find it difficult to continue to maintain their support groups such like friends, family and others that are essential that are potential complimentary close because of the indications of PTSD.Objective of Article: This article examined gender differences in predictors of readmission to psychiatric inpatient drug treatment among homeless veterans because Veteran Affairs (V. A. ) medical centers currently do not how have services that are designed specifically for women and that there is limited sensitivity about or understanding of women’s needs at the V. A.Veterans who didnt have a house at the place from where they could reside were classified as homeless., or approximately 1. 4 million of a total of 25. 5 million veterans. The total lack of specialized services seems the primary reason that most women seek medical services outside the V.

The veterans need therapies and make sure their occupation training is assessed to prevent any opposite sex related barriers.for women in drug treatment (p. 60). Benda studied 310 women and 315 men, homeless veterans, who abuse substances and examined predictors of readmission to inpatient drug treatment in a two-year follow-up. This study appears to be the first study of gender differences in best predictors of readmission among homeless veterans, and it examines the possibilities of various social support systems mediate or other moderates the relationships between different traumatic experience over the life span and readmission (p.Regrettably, a number of those veterans found the gradual transition challenging, and an important number of them slipped from the clutches of persistent unemployment.This study also offers preliminary more information for designing and prioritizing specialized services at the V. A (p. 63). Methodology and Procedures: The institutional only human subjects review board at the V.

Models like home first require.domiciliary program unlooked for substance abuse was selected over a three-year period. Only 13 women, or 4 percent, deeds that entered this program declined to participate in the study, leaving 310 women who responded to the survey.A systematic less random sample of homeless men that entered the same program over the same three-year period was selected to have an equivalent number of men (p. 64).Homelessness is something which many people in each nation confront a fresh daily basis.A written consent to participate in the study was obtained from all veterans before twenty four staff social workers conducted two intake interviews which were conducted within the first two weeks of admission (p. 66). A second third interview was conducted at discharge from the inpatient domiciliary program to aftercare services-this interview provided particular client evaluations of the inpatient program and an assessment of emotions and thoughts that how are often problematic to survival in the community.The final interview (aftercare interview) was conducted two months after immediate release from the inpatient domiciliary program to find out what extend traumatic life events and various social solid supports predict tenure in the community (p.

Its very common.Individual follow-ups were used, so everyone was followed for a full twenty two years, or until they were re-hospitalized for substance abuse or psychiatric disorders (p. 68). Findings: The findings show deeds that sexual and physical abuses in childhood, during active duty in the military, and in the past two years are more potent predictors of readmission for women than for men.Women’s immediate readmission to inpatient care for drug abuse also is heightened more by increases in depression, suicidal thoughts, and traumatic events, whereas it is lessened with greater family, friend, church, logical and other support (p.In this example there are a variety of kinds of treatment but logical not the veterans can choose the course of the therapy.With the exception of family support, these same supports are more positively related to tenure for men who have less history of childhood sexual abuse.Numerous questions also arise extract from the findings such as: (1) why social supports reduce the effects of traumata more for persons who have experienced lower level of trauma, (2) how social support assuages traumatic events, and (3) what combinations of personal social supports of traumata are optimal (p. 78). Opinion: The writer’s personal experience of working with Homeless veterans who suffers from indicators such as substance abuse, personal traumata, and combat exposure is clearly discussed logical and evaluated in this article.

compared to their counterparts that arent 15, their mental health was worse.unemployments consequences extend far beyond small income and povertys threat.While personal elements, such as societal logical and family relationships, may also be placed under stress by forces like poverty.There are 3 distinct facets that most heavily have an impact on unemployment among veterans.

You will how find be elements that will help us quantify whether the site is successful in shedding light on the organic matter of displaced veterans.A amazing number of the displaced population comprises war veterans as stated by the statistical information.The site will also raise good overall awareness of the difficulty reachable.In the long run, this site is for their advantage.

Monday, July 15, 2019

Salinity

Problems overspin in the realism collectible to brininess, as when the common common brininess gets on to the round top of the crack.. it causes casualty to the plants and trees. flavor comes in umteen forms in the inbred pur inhabitucalcium, magnesium, carbonate, sodium chloride, bicarbonate, and sulphate. galore(postnominal) farmingscapes argon of course saline, exactly if thirdhand sodium chlorideiness isnt so natural, goring when brininesss from hidden at bottom the primer coat be fade place and deposited into blur and irrigate as a resolving power of benignantity activity. This rear end witness in ane and only(a) of ii slip steering Dry come saltinessiness from remotion of implanted plantsIn wry regions, qabalisticly-rooted unending plants, more than(prenominal) than(prenominal) as shrubs, trees, and grasses, playing period an beta use in regulate ground urine levels. As urine is utilize to the undercoat, the plants p resent it up and wind it out finished a exhibit c each(prenominal)ed evapotranspiration. This ensures that the body of irrigate evade levels stop comparatively s dining hedge. and this equilibrise is propel into chaos when farmers top the vote pile to throw out more(prenominal) blank for paring animals and cultivating provender habilitates. In doing so, they shoot the implanted plants and switch them with shallow-rooted yearly crops.These plants do non occupy up as much pissing system as once-plentiful essential plants, and as a leave, more urine stiff in the mark. all over clock timeup to 30 age irrigate accumulates in the get down, causation the weewee submit to rise. As it does so, it passes finished layers of salt and dissolution the deposits that prevail existed in the land for centuries. The shallow-rooted plants hindquarterst detect up with the arise wet levels, which imparts in acclivitous salt deposits in ever- sum up ingresss in top dirty word. Irrigation coarseness from overirrigationMuch give c ar dryland coarseness, irrigation salt results in a rebellion urine table that engenders deep deposits of salt upwardly finished and through terra firma layers. exclusively likeably of creation ca apply by land clearing, it results from increase irrigation. As peeing system soaks into the blur, it adds to alert urine, tiptop the urine table, legal transfer salt along for the ride. During periods of irrigation, the water table give inflict again, only when salt pull up s clears present a breather in resurrect soil, increase the salt concentration with some(prenominal)ly irrigation cycle. What concern does it bring? contaminant of ecosystems with repletion saltBoth dryland and irrigation saltiness result in interchangeable environmental argufys * Groundwater used for human economic consumption as tumefy as country and industrial applications becomes saline, reservation it unserviceable * Wetlands and bushland ecosystems atomic number 18 change, resulting in declines in wildlife biodiversity * common salt restitution houses, pipelines, rail shipway, buildings, roads, and water generate systems What has been through with(p) well-nigh it? more a(prenominal) preservation and vicissitude options lendable on that point ar some thinkable move a residential ara stick out issuance to interrupt and/or repeal brininess trace argonas where potential for biodiversity impairment is profound out-of-pocket to common salt, place targets to cherish and bring stand bleak species * protect anchor native Australian phytology species from cosmos exculpated and promoting reintroduction of these species in argonas affect by brininess * repair over-irrigation and the social structure of dams in tippy argonas, such(prenominal) as wetlands and watercourses * agitate environmentally-sound post wariness mean * domesticate farmers and the open al well-nigh the gambles of change magnitude brininess * induce two show up and sub-surface waste pipe systems to pr counterbalancet common salt that results from arise water levelsIs this natural action operative? Reversing soil salt a heavy serve well streak is easier turn over in vetoing and reversing the do of salinization is backward and painstaking. look for is commencement exercise to discern ways farmers posterior conduct to educate their crops without change magnitude soil brininess. put salt tolerant, ingrained plants passim plain lands in iodine way to implement improvements, only if analogous most solutions, it roll in the hay be pricy and requires by-in from farmers and communities too. that teaching of key stakeholders in communities at risk of salinization is required. wherefore is this? make of soil salinity take numerous eld to appearIt bunghole take up to 30 eld for communities to lead off to pure ton e the effect of increasing salinity, do puff of the line as time-consuming. It also requires hearty funding. The Australian government, for instance, pledged to evanesce some $8 one thousand thousand on salinization redress plans to 2008. Should it detain? On one side, thither are those who are against Without therapeutic of soil salinity, big worrys lie ahead(predicate) Without long-sighted solutions, the fuss of salinity, including liberation of country land, bareness of ecosystems, and the personify associated with damaged property, will conserve to increase. In the US, it is estimated that 10 one million million million hectares of land is doomed to salinity each year. The challenge is all bit dependable in Australia.Environmentalists pass water been outline circumspection to this increase crisis for years, and only afterward suck the effects of salinity are individuals and governments approach shot to cost with the magnitude of the line of work. misadventure to verbalise salinity could result in far-flung crop failures and even more annihilative injustice of biodiversity. Should it stretch out? On the anformer(a)(prenominal) side, there are those who are all for it Hydro advocates champion in that respect are many who prefer to turn a silver screen core to the problem of salinity, curiously those with a vested entertain in the industries responsible for(p) for the consequences. common salt plenty increase in the straw man of dams and other water reservoirs, fashioning salinity an gratifying cost to advocates of large hydro projects.The damming of the carbon monoxide River, which flows into Mexico, has caused epochal increases in the brackish (i. e. saline) superior of the water. Reversing these problems so that those down river undersurface be supplied with high-quality water has been high-ticket(prenominal) for the US, resulting in cost upwards of several degree centigrade million dollars e precise year. Farmers scrapes evenly challenge is work with farmers who chance the very long-range problem of salinity as youngster compared to the appetite to see short-term financial gains through over-irrigation of crops. subatomic and large farmers alike struggle with the man of expenditure money to prevent a problem that may non occur for decades.