Definition of Communism Essays - Socialism, Communism, Free Essays

Meaning of Communism Essays - Socialism, Communism, Free Essays Colin S. Innes English 1A (083) 04/21/2015 Meaning of Communism Numerous individuals should seriously think about Communism as the base of all abhorrent and maybe the most exceedingly awful arrangement of government. Nations like the United States have invested innumerable measure of energy, exertion and cash to stop the spread and impact of Communism on the home soil and around the globe. Regardless of opportunity being for the most part connected with majority rules system, the maltreatment of popular government rights could likewise prompt terrible occasions. The most scandalous occasion throughout the entire existence of the United States in the twentieth century was the McCarthyism which is otherwise called the Red Scare. The occasion can be considered as the twentieth century witch chase. The entire story happened when Joseph McCarthy was congressperson for the Republican party. Joseph Mccarthy blamed thousands for Americans of being Communists. During the time of mid-twentieth century, socialism is depicted as the shrewd adversary of Ameri cans. Numerous blameless American individuals were charged liable and estranged from their locale and some were even placed into correctional facilities. Numerous well known Hollywood entertainers were additionally placed into the Hollywood boycott, which implies they would not have the option to return to Hollywood any longer, regardless of the frightful truth that numerous affirmations were unadulterated hypotheses. Americas fixation on freedom and popular government amusingly limited individual opportunity so much or more so than Communism in numerous different nations. Be that as it may, there are numerous situations where Communism has to a great extent profited individuals on the opposite side of the world. The fruitful upheaval of China can be an ideal case of how Communism can carry riches and solidarity to the country. Promoters of majority rule government may contend that the financial disappointment of both Cuba and Cambodia have been the consequence of indiscriminately f ollowing the Communist framework. The truth of the matter is, neither one nor the other nations have followed the genuine meaning of Communism. The two nations pioneers, Khmer Rouge and Ral Castro reformed their framework to Authoritarianism. The significance of the Communist framework ought not generally be seen as a negative effect, however as the elective method to profit different nations. Socialism is a hypothesis started by a German Philosopher, Karl Marx. His thought is that everybody in the general public gets equivalent measure of portions of the advantages by liberating all lower class of the general public from neediness and shortening the hole among low and white collar class individuals. This thought is executed to help lower-class individuals to have the chance to ascend and have indistinguishable measure of benefits from that of working class individuals. Numerous Superpowers on the planet, for example, the Peoples Republic of China and Russia are completely founded on the Communist framework. Without the standard under Communism, the two nations would likely be in all out bedlam. On the off chance that individuals in the nation needed to give food and sanctuary to themselves, numerous issues would show up, for example, destitution, starvation and infections. The nation makes due through the assistance of government and is ascending drastically both as far a s economy and people groups way of life. Three parts of Communism are what makes Communism not the same as different frameworks. Normal responsibility for supplant private property and a benefit based economy with open proprietorship. Same social status which causes everybody in the general public to get equivalent portions of the advantages. This additionally benefits the lower-class individuals to get more cash-flow and close the hole between the well off and poor people. Responsibility for by the administration all methods for creations are constrained by the state. Regular responsibility for is the absolute most significant part of Communism. It implies that all organizations,enterprises or networks are held unified as opposed to singular individuals in the nation. This part of Communism has made a lot more openings for work for residents in the nation just as security for the country itself. Since many creating nations, for example, China, Cuba and Vietnam don't have stable economies, by embracing the possibility of Common responsibility for, it could significantly diminish the danger of financial downturn fundamentally for three reasons. In the first place, numerous individuals in the nation as a rule don't have adequate assets to open up their own organizations and numerous individuals couldn't buy enough products to fulfill the guideline utilizations for their organizations. Accordingly, they are well on the way to experience difficulties later on. Be that as it may,

Shakespeares Rosalind Essays - British Films, As You Like It

Shakespeare's Rosalind The fundamental topics of As You Like It are the peaceful perfect and the perfect of sentimental love. Woods of Aden is the essential setting where these topics create. Nature fills in as a shelter from society where we can discover answers for unfairness and misery. This play is a satire and in this way has a cheerful consummation yet it's anything but a pixie tail. Shakespeare features the contrast among the real world and figment. Rosalind encapsulates the reasonableness, the funniness and the sort of affection that prompts an upbeat, agreeable living. She carries the plot to a goals when four differentiating sentiments end in marriage. The focal point of the play is her sentiment with Orlando. Rosalind needs to discover a sweetheart without losing her feeling of self all the while. Rosalind addresses the inquiries regarding love, which emerge during the play. She is a lovesick lady but she stays a shrewd, clever, and solid character. Rosalind is likewise a decent adjudicator of character. She sees through Jaque's apparently profound musings and perceives the insight of comedian Touchstone. Besides, she astutely utilizes her camouflage to become more acquainted with Orlando and instruct him about adoration. The gathering of Orlando and Rosalind is the most significant occasion in Act 1 of the play; it is unexplainable adoration. Celia and her cousin talk about experiencing passionate feelings for not long before the wrestling match. From consequently I will, coz, and devise sports. Allow me to see, what consider you beginning to look all starry eyed at? Her words demonstrate that Rosalind is prepared to confront the peril of beginning to look all starry eyed at. She surmises that her dad would support of Orlando since her dad affirmed of his dad Sir Rowland. Their gathering uncovers a powerless side of the Rosalind as she gives him a chain, says, Honorable man, wear this for me and sits tight for him to proceed with the discussion. In Act Shakespeare draws matches between Rosalind's relationship with Celia and Orlando's relationship with Adam. At the point when Duke Fredrick ousts his niece from the court, Celia settles on a speedy choice to go to the Forest of Aden with her cousin and to search for her uncle. This delineates the degree if love and steadfastness between them. Orlando's senior sibling Oliver denies him instruction. At the point when Orlando is leaving for the woods Adam needs to go with him to serve and secure him. Ace, go on, and I will follow thee To the last pant with truth and reliability? However fortune can't reward me better Than to pass on well and not my lord's account holder. (2.4. 70-75) Not long after entering the Forest of Arden Rosalind finds love sonnets that Orlando hold tight the trees. She loses discretion as she peruses them consistently. When she discovers that Celia has seen Orlando she is extremely energized and can't quit posing her inquiries, What did he when you thou saw'st him? What said he? How looked he? (3.2. 218-20) For a short timeframe, she turns into a casualty of fixation like those she disdains. She is sold out by something she feels and thinks that its hard to concede reality in adoration. Shakespeare along these lines delineates that she isn't perfect, that she has imperfections like all other individual. Rosalind's astute plan to take on the appearance of Ganymede empowers her to have a twofold character, which will offer her the chance to test Orlando's affection. Her camouflage presumably forestalls their quick marriage. I will address him like a saucy toady and under that propensity play the bastard with him. (3.2.292-93) She doesn't anyway simply mess around, Rosalind she shows Orlando how to adore her. He should stay faithful to his commitments and regard her in this manner demonstrating that his adoration is genuine. She takes a critical perspective on sentimental love to prod Orlando. Rosalind starts to feel worn out on acting after the flitting drop of her appearance when she blacks out at seeing Orlando's wicked cloth. At the point when Orlando substantiates himself to Ganymede and recoveries the life of his sibling Rosalind is prepared to make a guarantee to him. She doesn't discard her camouflage up to that point since she understands that possibly time will appear on the off chance that they are extremely infatuated. Time refines their energy for each other. Rosalind is a rationalist Rosalind like

Writing the Perfect Research Paper

Writing the Perfect Research PaperWriting the perfect research paper will help you outline and give you a solid outline of what you want to achieve from your paper. You will need to present yourself as a credible academic and are going to be writing a research paper for your final year of University. You may want to consider taking some courses that will allow you to do this as part of your degree course.When you begin writing your paper, you will have to first find the main points that you will want to put across in your paper. The first thing that you should think about is how much time that you have available to work on your paper. If you only have a couple of hours to write then you may need to focus on one topic or find someone else to write it for you.Depending on how much time you have available to spend on your paper you will also have to think about the different themes that you can present. You can go for a single topic or you can divide the paper into different sections, o ne at a time. Write each section as a separate paper, so that you will not feel overwhelmed with all of the work.Make sure that you know where you want to go with your main topic. You will need to consider the different areas in your paper so that you can keep them organised. As long as you understand how the different sections of your paper relate to one another then you should have no problem writing the perfect research paper.When you are writing the paper, make sure that you are covering the most important point of the paper and your thesis statement. This will take the focus away from the information that you have to write and will make it easier for you to complete the paper. This is also the point where you will be able to put together all of the other information that you will need to write about and get it all onto the page.Once you have written the thesis statement and the main body of the paper then you can move onto creating the outline. Your outline should be heading yo u towards your main point of the paper. You will need to think about the topics that you will cover and how they relate to the main point.Some people worry about their research paper because they feel like they don't know where to start. Most often your research paper will come down to get the main point across as best as you can and then moving to present the rest of the information. You can make your research paper flow more smoothly by organising your ideas and structure them in such a way that it will be easier for you to write.Writing the perfect research paper will take time and patience but with some planning and practice you should be able to get everything in place. You may need to do some self-editing to make sure that you have covered everything and it will probably take some time to find the best ways to present all of the information. Once you have done this you should be able to write a fantastic research paper for your final year of University.

An Information Theoretic Theory On Phonological Status And...

The finding that the learning of phonological status is constrained by the phonetic naturalness has a strong implication to theories on phonological status and its perceptual effect. Traditional theories have argued that the conditioned distribution plays a central role in determining the phonological status of sounds citep[e.g.][]{chomsky1968sound, kenstowicz1979generative}. When two sounds occur in the same contexts, they are phonemes. When two sounds occur in mutually exclusive contexts, they are allophones. Recent theories have argued against the dichotomy between phonemes and allophones. In these theories, phonological status is viewed as a probabilistic phenomenon and the relative predictabilities of sounds in contexts determines the†¦show more content†¦Messages with more information content require more processing energy in the brain citep[e.g.][]{harrison2006encoding, sinkkonen1999information}. Therefore, the perceptual system strategically allocates processing ener gy depending on the informativeness of messages. It uses more energy to process less predictable or more informative messages and less energy to process more predictable or less informative messages citep[e.g.][]{treisman1965effects}. Based on the information theoretic view on human cognition, citeauthor{hall2009probabilistic} argued that listeners are less sensitive to the acoustic difference between native allophones because their perceptual system selectively allocates less energy to process the allophones. In other words, listeners become less attentive to the phonetic properties of the allophones because they are predictable and not informative. citeauthor{hall2009probabilistic} states extit{for pairs of sounds (X and Y) for which there is a low degree of uncertainty (in context C), it is less crucial for mature language users to pay particular attention to acoustic and articulatory cues used to differentiate X and Y in C because these cues are redundant with the information provided by C} citep[pg.117]{hall2009probabilistic}. As it is clearly stated in the quote above, citeauthor{hall2009probabilistic} s main focus is the question of how mature language user

Soical Cognitive Theory - 1023 Words

One of the major challenges to behaviorism came from studies on observational learning conducted by Albert Bandura and colleagues. (Schunk, 2012) In contrast to Skinner Bandura’s social cognitive theory states people learn new actions merely by observing others perform them. Observers did not have to perform the actions at the time of learning. (Schunk, 2012) For example new employees watching their employer demonstrate how to wrap a knife, and ship it. The employee necessarily would not have to perform the task to learn how to do it. The heart of observational learning is modeling, which is more than simple imitation, because it involves adding and subtracting from the behavior. Bandura recognized four processes that govern†¦show more content†¦He may then reenact or model those learned behaviors. Bandura’s states that every stage of the learning process, increased cognitive skill and ability will result in increased accuracy in learning. (Burton, 1999) A sexually aggressive child who was abused or who has witnessed a great deal of sexual activity may store the representation of the behavior incorrectly. The child may then act out the behaviors instead of understanding it is something he should not do. So many times with sexually abused children counselors have to reeducate the children in to what is appropriate behavior, along with counseling them on the abuse. Social Cognitive Paper Relationship between Social Cognitive, Motivation, and Self Efficacy The very core of the social cognitive theory self-efficacy beliefs provides the foundation for human motivation, well-being, and personal accomplishment. (Pajares, 2002) Unless people actions can produce the outcomes they desire, they have little incentive to act or to persist in the face of difficulties. Bandura’s key contentions in regards to the role self-efficacy beliefs in human functioning is that â€Å"people’s levels of motivation affective states, and actions are based more on what they believe than on what is objectively true.† (Pajares, 2002) Compare Behaviorism to Social CognitiveShow MoreRelatedEssay on How Red Bull Maintain Their Stronghold8091 Words   |  33 Pageslegend, containing leaves from â€Å"Asia’s sacred tree†, the Ginkgo Biloba aids concentration. (CarpeDiem.com (a+b) [ca. 2009]. â€Å"Homeopathic† drinks, made with spring water, herbs and plants were launched in 2003. Drawing on Greek physician Hippocrates’ theories, they have relaxing, harmonising, or vitalising effects and are 100% natural with no added sugar, flavours, colouring or preservatives (CarpeDiem.com (c) [ca. 2009]). Carpe Diems elusive nature echoes Red Bull ®Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s marketing strategies. By using very

Martin Luther Kings Letter From Birmingham Jail - 1707 Words

Through the span of Letter from Birmingham Jail (1963) Martin Luther King Jr., makes stretched out implications to various logicians, among them Aquinas and Socrates. His correlation would appear to show that he imparts a liking to them. In any case, the clearness with which he makes his contentions and the commitment to a solitary start strikes most firmly of Kant. Similarly, as Kant s artful culmination, Critique of Pure Reason, endeavored to totally overturn a formerly acknowledged method of thought, so likewise was King s work gave to a solitary goal: the security of common noncompliance as a type of challenge with the end goal that the Civil Rights Movement could proceed in uncompromised frame. Notwithstanding this peculiarity of†¦show more content†¦We have some eighty-five affiliated organizations across the South, and one of them is the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights. Frequently, we share staff, educational, and financial resources with our affiliates. ( pg 254-255) The reason for the acquaintance is with build up his validity as an individual from the United States of America. He is demonstrating to them that he contains the same amount of acumen regarding the matter of shamefulness and racial segregation, if not more. Martin Luther King Jr. at that point claims to feeling by demonstrating the trials his kin have experienced. He does this by utilizing lines, for example, When you have seen vicious mobs lynch your mothers and fathers at will and drown your sisters and brothers at whim.(pg 258), and when you have seen hate-filled policeman curse, kick, and even kill your black brothers and sisters.† (pg 258) In these lines he is utilizing flammable dialect like vicious mobs and parallelism, for example, lynch your mothers and fathers at will and drown your sisters and brothers at whim by utilizing this sort of dialect and sentence structure King is influencing you to imagine and feel what he needed to see his loved ones experi ence in those harsh circumstances. All through the entire section utilizing this sort of sentence structure and a great deal of symbolism the crowd begins to feel what it resembles to be in King sShow MoreRelatedMartin Luther Kings Letter From Birmingham Jail839 Words   |  4 Pages1960’s one of the most well- known civil rights activist Martin Luther King Jr. was arrested and was placed into a jail in Birmingham Alabama for eleven days (Westbrook 1). Martin Luther King did not commit a crime that was in violation of any law in the U.S Constitution. King was arrested for taking a direct action for the Black community that was harassed and judged every day for there color of their skin. In King’s Letter From Birmingham Jail on the 16th of April 1963 he illuminates the daily brutalityRead MoreMartin Luther Kings Letter From Birmingham Jail1340 Words   |  6 PagesOn April 16, 1963, Martin Luther King Jr. wrote a letter from Birmingham Jail after he had been arrested for nonviolent protests. In this letter he addressed a few of his fellow clergymen who had commented on King’s work in Birmingham and how they perceived it to be â€Å"unwise and untimely.† He told them that he had, in fact, been issued an invitation to help the people of Birmingham and that he was â€Å"compelled to carry the gospel of freedom beyond [his] hometown.† King assured the clergymen that heRead MoreRev. Martin Luther Kings Letter From Birmingham Jail950 Words   |  4 Pages15 November 2017 â€Å"No, baby, no, you may not go, for the dogs are fierce and wild, and clubs and hoses, guns and jails, aren’t good for a little child.† (Allusion - referring to another work to apply symbolic meaning). This quote from â€Å"Ballad of Birmingham† illustrates the horror and cruelty of how African Americans were treated at that time, as no place was safe or free from racism; there was no limits to the violence that came with it. The 1950’s and 1960’s was an era where the Civil RightsRead MoreSummary Of Martin Luther Kings Letter From Birmingham Jail1159 Words   |  5 Pages Martin Luther King lived in a time where Negro people were faced with a multitude of social injustices. King was actively participating in passive protests opposing the laws which upheld these injustices. In his â€Å"Letter From Birmingham Jail† King replies to the criticism of eight clergymen, who called him and his companions extremists and law breakers (King 18 7). In his letter of response, King both shows his disappointment with these men, as well as plead with them to see his side. King wantsRead More Martin Luther Kings Letter from Birmingham Jail Essay1241 Words   |  5 PagesRhetorical Analysis of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.s Letter from Birmingham Jail In his essay Letter from Birmingham Jail, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. disproves the assumptions of people that believe racism is acceptable when he compares the maltreatment of blacks to the inhumane treatment of the Jews by Hitler. King establishes a relationship with his audience by connecting on a level that is larger than the exploitation of African Americans rights. He forces his readers to think aboutRead MoreEssay on Martin Luther Kings Letter from Birmingham Jail1176 Words   |  5 Pagestechniques were used to gain the civil rights for the black people in a series of which came the â€Å"Letter form Birmingham jail† written by Martin Luther King himself. Kings Letter from Birmingham Jail was a profound and persuasive written argument which captured the emotions of many people encompassing rigid life experiences, educated observances, and deeply rooted spiritual beliefs. In this letter King freely expressed his position concerning the injustice that black people fa ced in America. Read MoreReaction Of Martin Luther Kings Letter From A Birmingham Jail1061 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"Letter from a Birmingham Jail† Reaction â€Å"We know through painful experience that freedom is never voluntarily given by the oppressor; it must be demanded by the oppressed.† In 1963, Martian Luther King Jr was protesting for blacks to have equal rights in Birmingham, Al. The city administration found out about these protests and ordered the police to arrest them. Now in jail was confronted by a court and ordered not to protest in Birmingham. In response King wrote what is now known as the â€Å"LetterRead MoreAntigone And Martin Luther Kings Letter From Birmingham Jail831 Words   |  4 Pages54 years ago, and even during the BC ages was it a problem. Dr King’s letter explains how he knew he broke the law by blocking a road, but did it due to the racism and injustices that were happening. In Antigone, she buries her brother even though he was not meant to, and due to she is a female and that she broke the law that was unjust her consequence is to die. Sophocles’ Antigone and Martin Luther Kingâ⠂¬â„¢s â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail,† explore a common theme that law sometimes conflicts with justiceRead MoreAnalysis of Martin Luther Kings â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail†973 Words   |  4 PagesMartin Luther King Jr, an civil rights activist, fought for the rights of African Americans in 1963. King organized various non-violent demonstrations in Birmingham, Alabama that resulted in his arrest. While in jail, King received a letter from eight Alabama clergyman explaining their distress and opposition to King and his followers actions. This letter occasioned his reply and caused King to write a persuasive letter justifying his actions and presence in Birmingham. Although King’s reply wasRead MoreAnalysis Of Martin Luther Kings Letter From Birmingham Jail925 Words   |  4 PagesIn April of 1963, Martin Luther King, Jr. found himself in a small cell in Birmingham Alabama, arrested for his participation in the peaceful protest of discrimination agains t African-Americans. King firmly believed that non-violent protest, in the form of sit-ins, boycotts, and picketing, would raise awareness of the prejudices African-Americans suffered and, in turn, lead to progress in gaining equal rights between the races. His â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail,† which he wrote during his incarceration

Sex Selective Abortion free essay sample

The practice continued to remain largely overlooked, until it was brought to North America by Asian and European immigrants seeking a new home in Canada and the United States. Now, sex-selective abortion has become an increasingly crucial issue in the eyes of the Canadian government; tens of millions of infant females are wrongfully killed each year, effectively skewering the sex ratio of the entire world. As more and more immigrants practicing this horrific act come to Canada, in turn the gender balance of our country has become affected as well. While it is an undoubtedly cruel and arbitrary act, the consequences of these actions extend far beyond moral objections; Canada has begun to experience altered sex-ratios and the outcomes of these decisions have begun to make themselves clear. This research paper will examine the consequences sex-selective abortion will have not only on the population of the world, but on the economic and social factors of all nations as well. SEX-SELECTIVE ABORTION Sex Selective Abortion: The Consequences of a World Full of Men The act of sex-selective abortion revolves around terminating a pregnancy solely based on the gender of the child. This barbaric practice stems from the deeply-held cultural beliefs in Eastern countries in which male heirs are considered far more valuable than females. This way of thinking is especially apparent in Asian countries such as India and China, but as of late it has become a practise in countries all over Europe and has recently come knocking on the doors of North America, most apparently in Canada. As Asian and European families migrate to Canada, they bring with them these ancient cultural beliefs, which have been often overlooked in the past. Because of this irrational preference for male over female heirs and recent advances in medical technology, predicting the sex of a child has become incredibly simple; this has lead to a massive spike in abortion rates all over the country and is slowly working towards altering the sex ratio of the entire world. If this practise is not outlawed entirely or severely abated in the coming years, then the social and economic consequences on the entire world will be severe and plentiful. Assets versus Liabilities Although this practise may seem unnecessarily cruel, it replaced a previous procedure that was far more horrific. Before the current advancements in technology were made, there was no way to determine the gender of a baby before it was born. Therefore, the practice of infanticide was implemented; families would murder the baby shortly after it was born if it were a female, or else abandon it and leave it to die. This shocking act occurred primarily in countries such as India and China, but quickly spread to other countries in the Caucasus including, but not limited to: Russia, Turkey and Uzbekistan. The sex-selective abortion of females occurs in countries such as these, because their culture involves putting much more value on a male heir as opposed to a female one. Males are considered â€Å"assets† because they are able to work and receive a dowry when they get married, while females are considered â€Å"liabilities† because they often work at home, generating no income for their family. Gupta (2005), observed that between the 1980s and 1990s in China, sex-selective abortion was noticeably absent in families with a first-born male child. In fact, in families with more han one son, male infants were more likely to be aborted than females; however, in families with one or more female children, all future female infants were likely to be aborted. Skewered Sex Ratios As can be expected, the mass-murder of millions of infant girls started to affect the gender ratios in the countries practicing this act. In an ideal situation, the ratio of boys born to girls born shou ld remain at 105:100. This accounts for males generally dying earlier owing to various factors such as sickness and wars, and would result in a generally balanced level of males to females. However, as a result of sex-selective abortion, the new expected sex ratio around the world is 107:100. While this may not seem like a significant difference, but when one takes into account that tens of thousands of infants are born each day, the displacement of all the aborted females becomes apparent. The following charts communicate a visual display of the millions of â€Å"missing† females around the world: Table 1 Excessive Female Deaths These figures are absolutely appalling; as is clear, roughly 1. million females died in 2008 in Africa however, very few perished at birth. If we examine the figures from China and India, they account for more than 1. 3 million infant females deaths in 2008 alone. If we apply these figures to the past three decades, taking into account that ultrasound technology has gained more precedence in that time, a conclusion can be drawn that an astonishing 39 million female deaths can be accounted to sex-selective abortion practises in China and India alone. While these figures are just a rough estimate as census reports are not one hundred percent accurate and the number of female infant deaths may vary from year to year, this presumed number is still incredibly shocking and makes the issue of sex-selective abortion extremely apparent. Economic Consequences While the millions of families all over the globe practise sex-selective abortion and infanticide in the hopes that they will bring some sense of honour to their family, in reality this issue is not simply one of misguided morals. As it turns out, there are numerous detrimental effects to the world economy in areas with a male majority population, the first being that males are much more likely to fall into debt. Men accosting a male-biased sex ratio are less likely to save if they are not with a female partner, more likely to take on massive credit card debts, and as a result will be more willing to take on undesirable financial deals in order to secure their financial security. Research conducted at The University of Minnesota shows that men are more likely to compete with each other for a potential mate by showing off their financial resources; this may include spending more frivolously, taking greater financial risks by purchasing items they may not be able to afford and discernibly consuming other items. While one may make the assumption that more spending would be better for the economy overall, if these men are not able to pay off their debts they would be forced to default or declare bankruptcy, resulting in a further deficit in the national money supply. The following chart displays a study conducted in which students were given a theoretical situation in which they had $2000 to spend; they could choose how much to spend on superficial items, and how much to set aside for savings: Table 2 Willingness to Incur Debt based on Sex Ratios According to this chart, men were much more likely to borrow money if there was a male-biased sex ratio, leading them even further into debt. Social Consequences Throughout our history, men have been responsible for vast numbers of crimes, more noticeably violent crimes. In particular, single men in countries such as India and China where status depends on your marital and financial situation are more prone to committing these types of crime. In the past 20 years, the crime rate among young single men in China has doubled – with crimes against women such as bride abduction, trafficking of women, rape and prostitution becoming especially apparent. In a study conducted by Edlund et. l, the skewered rates of sex ratios directly affected the rising rate of such crimes; they accounted for roughly one-seventh of all violent crimes in China. However, violence is not the only social consequence of skewered sex ratios. In China, suicide rates among females between the ages of 15-34 are at an all-time high; more often than not, these women can not bear the fact that they had to abort or kill their infant daughters. In most cases, the decision to practise sex-selective abortion or infanticide is initiated by the males of the family. This cultural belief is then brought over when families immigrate to Canada and are continued here, even though human rights laws in Canada are much different than those in countries where sex-selective abortion is typically practised. The social unrest that has started in these countries is sure to arrive in Canada and laws must be set in order to prevent such atrocities from occurring. One solution mentioned by several advocates for the eradication of sex-selective abortion is to prevent ultrasound screening past a certain point. Advances in medical technology have made it possible for doctors to predict the sex of the fetus as early as seven weeks; if this law were put into place, then it would be impossible for families to decide on an abortion solely based on the gender of the child. While the practise of sex-selective abortion has been out for centuries and has become an integral part of the culture in Asian and European countries, it is ultimately a cruel and senseless act. As Canadian society becomes more dependent on immigrants, our country is becoming host to individuals from far-ranging nations. Since many cultures favor the birth of a male child to that of a female child, the practice of sex-selective abortion is more widely accepted in other nations than it is in Canada. In India, for example, the practice of sex-selective abortion has already caused the national sex ratio to become skewed. Unfortunately, many immigrants do not necessarily abandon this mindset when they come to Canada, and they utilize the information disclosed during their pre-natal screenings to engage in sex-selective abortion.

How would the internet firms Napster, Kazaa, and Apples iTunes music store be reflected in a porter five forces industry analysis

Five Forces Model of Competition Porter’s uses the five forces to give appropriate strategies that help in analyzing company’s position against any competitors within the market. The forces used include; the power of suppliers, new entrants, threats posed by substitutes, customers power and rivalry.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on How would the internet firms Napster, Kazaa, and Apple’s iTunes music store be reflected in a porter five forces industry analysis? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Threats posed by new entrants The music industry is one of the industries with extremely high start-up costs, this provides low rate of new entrants. The internet firms Napster, Kazaa, and Apple’s have explicitly utilized the distribution channels and also based their sales on strong brands making it difficult for the new entrants to penetrate. This has made the competitors in this industry t o try small markets in place of large markets that have been occupied by the bigger companies. Napster, Kazaa, and Apple’s have built a strong base over the years hence creating popular space within the computer industry (McGuigan, Moyer and Harris 382). Status of the suppliers within the market The business of music and computers is maintained using constant supply from numerous suppliers in the market. The larger companies Napster, Kazaa, and Apple’s makes the position within the market to be low since they can switch suppliers any time and feel no negative effects. This has made the suppliers from the music industry to adjust on their prices and quality of products in order to attract bids from the big companies. This clearly shows that the competition is too high and leaves the suppliers with tough decisions to make (McGuigan, Moyer and Harris 333). The status of Buyers within the market Customers of internet firms Napster, Kazaa, and Apple’s have many optio ns of computer companies where they can do their purchases. The costs involved when switching to any option is low making the buyers move at will. This is brought by the differences in cost, quality and services provided. This has made the power of buyers to be strong within the music industry. Napster, Kazaa, and Apple’s should create a strong differentiation of products in order to counter this since it will raise the costs required for an individual to shift from one company to another. The companies can only find it difficult when differentiation is done within the computer operating systems (McGuigan, Moyer and Harris 64).Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Substitute Products There are numerous substitute products in the music industry that are readily available for download. These companies have to put extra effort in order to convince customers of the superi ority of their products. This calls for more differentiation of the music products that these companies deal with. The differentiation of the operating systems of these companies can command higher pricing only when channelled through other options other than individual buyers. Napster, Kazaa, and Apple’s can counteract this by locking business facilities to enable change to occur within the facility or more than one region. The connectivity of music industry within the internet has increased the possibility of switching individual units keeping other things constant (McGuigan, Moyer and Harris 230). Level of Rivalry Napster, Kazaa, and Apple’s have other competitors with the potential of commanding larger portion of the market share. Competition is high in the music industry since the switching costs are very low. The internet music industry has so many companies copying one another. This has made it tricky for Napster, Kazaa, and Apple’s to expand (McGuigan, M oyer and Harris 383). Why was the Internet a disruptive technology for Sony music? The internet brought about possibility of mass piracy and theft of intellectual property. It was a disruptive technology for Sony since it allowed consumers to easily share music songs which offered high competition to the offline distribution companies like Sony. It contributed towards elimination of business intermediaries and reduced the costs involved in transacting businesses. Internet technology also eliminated the constraint that Sony Corporation had on limiting themselves only to best selling music due to storage space (McGuigan, Moyer and Harris 383). What should eSony music’s competitive strategy in response to this crisis? Sony Corporation’s strategy is to use major and independent labels. This is done by construction of viable and licensed infrastructures used for selling music within the digital market to prevent further infiltration of disruptive technologies. In-order to c ompete fairly Sony offers catalogues rich in modern and popular songs; they also provide interfaces that are easy to use, offering relatively low prices, information on live concerts and recommendation data. Elimination of certain costs that goes with selling of products. For example, packing and shipping by distributing all songs and albums through online music stores. Sony also plans to apply the use of Internet proxies which prevent the direct connection between up loaders and down loaders.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on How would the internet firms Napster, Kazaa, and Apple’s iTunes music store be reflected in a porter five forces industry analysis? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This interruption is made possible by digital middlemen. The files pass through other set of computers before finally being downloaded. The use of software that enhances privacy and the methods used in file download s ystem. This software enables a song to be scrambled and downloaded as raw opaque data, which is not clearly understood. The actual song is not downloaded until the actual keys are granted (McGuigan, Moyer and Harris 545). Sony Corporation’s business mainly deals with manufacturing of electronics. It currently runs business programs that deal with distribution of movies and music contents, video games and financial services. The fierce competition comes from big companies such as Apple’s and Panasonic. The strength of Sony lies in its wide range of products, the ability to source internally key components and getting involved in strong alliances (McGuigan, Moyer and Harris 644). The opportunities that the company can utilize include actions such as moving into new market segments within the global environment that provide lucrative returns. They also need to increase their responses to market needs and diversify their production line. In order to do all these, there is need for the company to carry out quarterly analysis of available market opportunities in order to identify rich consumer markets (McGuigan, Moyer and Harris 333). Product differentiation strategy Sony Corporation has to utilize its resource strengths that include the strong brand name, ownership and distribution strategies. The competitive strategy for Sony is product differentiation since most of its products are more less the same as those for other companies i.e. CD player for Sony is the same as that for Panasonic. Therefore for Sony to achieve competitive advantage in the line of product differentiation, the company should focus on building new core products that appear unique, interesting and of high quality like play stations. The creation of new core products makes it difficult for other competitors to enter the market place. For example, Sony should manufacture mini disc players that have in-built default memories to facilitate downloading of music (McGuigan, Moyer and Har ris 62). This assessment on How would the internet firms Napster, Kazaa, and Apple’s iTunes music store be reflected in a porter five forces industry analysis? was written and submitted by user GoblinQueen to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Grim Reality of the United States Prison System essays

The Grim Reality of the United States Prison System essays The grim reality of the U.S. prison system We as Americans abide by rules imposed on society by past individuals, who believed that society could no longer function in a structured manner without such laws. These laws are what make freedom a reality; even so the price to pay for breaking a law that tarnishes the ultimate goal of society is a price most people, from a mental standpoint can barely survive. The harsh judgment man endures on judging another man is a punishment all in its self. Even so, this does not pertain to violent crime offenders, for nobody deserves to be attacked in such a manner. Regardless, non-violent crimes such as drug offenses need serious adjustment at the national and state level. There is substantially a significant amount of evidence to prove that the current punishment for non-violent criminals in no way contributes to excelling society to a higher intellect, but rather hinders the capabilities of society economically and morally. The American prison system is a system most people try to not thi nk about, why else would the system be in such a debacle as it stands today. Prison, the underworld that stretches deep into the dark depths of the soul, twisting and pulling ones mind into chaos; this wretched feeling is well deserved by violent crime offenders such as rapists, murderers, for they deserve no rights. From an Economic standpoint crime does pay for these individuals. Although non-violent crimes I woefully disagree with, the American prison system is to blame for the hindrance posed on these people; the public could benefit if 10-20 percent of prisoners were under some other form of rehabilitation rather than cold prison time. (Piehl, Dilulio, 20-5) The entire Economics of the prison system is as confusing as the laws written for people to get in there. The New Jersey prisoner self-report survey, show that the average violent crime prisoner costs, twenty five thousand dollars a year to impr...

United States Vs. India Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

United States Vs. India - Essay Example The rate of unemployment according to the CIA Factbook was 9.5% in 2009 and 9.1% in 2008 in India. When compared to the USA, the unemployment rate is very similar for the year 2009 as the country had 9.4% unemployment but in 2008, the rate was 5.8%. The rise in unemployment in the recent years in US has been caused by the economic conditions and the sub-prime crisis. General Motors filed for bankruptcy in 2009 and many other companies which employed a large proportion of the population also closed down. Many companies made lay-offs to reduce costs as their products were not being sold in the market. Many economists say that the unemployment that the US faces is seasonal and will improve with time. The inflation rate in the US for consumer prices was -0.7% in 2009 and 3.8% in 2008 (CIA, 2010). In contrast, India had an inflation rate of 9.8% in 2009 and 8.3% in 2008 (CIA, 2010). The rate of inflation is very high in India as compared to the USA which was negative for the last year. This high inflation rate in India accounts for the high demand of products in the country and the low rate in US accounts for the low demand and higher production in the economy. The US is the largest hub of technology in the world with per capita GDP of US$ 46,900 where as the Indian economy has per capita GDP of US$ 3,100 as of 2009 (CIA, 2010). Both these countries derive most of the GDP from the services sector and have economic liberalization policies. India has become a well known exporter of software products and has an edge of low labor cost. Although more than half of the labor force is self-employed in the agricultural industry in India, but the sector only accounts for 17% of the net income of the country. The US only derives 1.2% of its total revenue from agricultural sector and 71 % of the revenue from the services sector (CIA, 2010). USA has been struck hard by the worldwide economic downturn and the country itself

Procter & Gamble Company Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Procter & Gamble Company - Research Paper Example The company, which has been in the industry for 174 years, has earned a great number of recognitions over the years. These included, to cite a few, a 6th ranking on Fortune’s â€Å"Global Most Admired Companies†, a 2nd on Fortune’s â€Å"Top Companies for Leaders† survey, top rankings on the Dow Jones Sustainability Index from 2000 to 2010, and most innovative manufacturer in the consumer packaged goods industry for the last decade given by the Symphony IRI group. In addition, P&G has also been recognized by the National Association for Female Executives (Top 50 Companies for Executive Women) and Black Enterprise magazine (40 Best Companies for Diversity); awards related to creating a diverse workplace. On top of that, P&G has been consistently a member of the Billion Dollar Roundtable, made up of 17 corporations that spend more than $1 billion annually with diverse suppliers, since 2005 (Procter & Gamble Co., 2011). P&G serves consumer, household and phar maceutical goods to consumers in more than 180 countries. Having around 127,000 employees for ground operations in 80 countries (Procter & Gamble Co., 2011) , the company makes at least 250 brands in six main categories: laundry and cleaning (detergents), paper goods (toilet paper), beauty care (cosmetics and shampoos), food and beverages (coffee and snacks), feminine care (sanitary towels) and health care (toothpaste and medicine), (Corporate Watch , 2002). Among the quality and leadership brands manufactured by the company are Ivory, Pampers, Tide, Ariel, Always, Whisper, Pantene, Folgers, Charmin, Downy, Lenor, Iams, Crest, Oral B, Actonel, Duracell, Olay, head & Shoulders, Wella, Gilette, and Braun (Procter & Gamble Co., 2006). History P&G has changed the lifestyle of consumers worldwide, the history of which can be rooted way back in 1837 in Cincinnati, Ohio. William Procter, who was originally from England, and James Gamble, an immigrant from Ireland, had crossed paths when th ey married sisters Olivia and Elizabeth Norris (Procter & Gamble Co., 2006). The partnership of the two was suggested by their mutual father-in-law, Alexander Norris, who stated that both William’s trade, candle making and James’ which was soap making would utilize lye from animal fat and wood ashes that were prominent in Cincinnati (FundingUniverse, 2003). At that time of the business establishment, Williams and James used a forward-looking approach despite the financial panic across US wherein banks were bankrupt and competition among soap and candle makers were tough. Despite the years leading to civil war in the 1850s, P&G was able to obtain large contracts from the national government to provide the Union army with soap and candle products (Dyer, Dalzell, & Olegario, 2004). Furthermore, Williams and James’ company was able to start one of the first profit-sharing programs in the US, and also invested in a research laboratory (Procter & Gamble Co., 2006). It was in the 1890s when P&G developed and sold 30 different types of soap, which included the famous brand Ivory and soaps for dishwashing and washing clothes. The effective advertisements of the products through the use of radio â€Å"soap operas†, product sampling and promotional premiums increased the demand which led to expansion of operations in Kansas City, Kansas and Ontario, Canada. Another world-wide known product introduced by P&G in 1946 was Tide. The introduction of Tide was remarkably successful which paved the way to having new markets across continents (Procter & Gamble Co., 2006). A few years following the sensation of Tide, several products were brought into the market. The first fluoride toothpaste, Crest, became popularly known as it was endorsed by the American Dental

Theory of Mind Essay Example for Free

Theory of Mind Essay Within this TMA I will be discussing Theory of Mind and how it may have evolved in humans, using the Theory of Evolution to explain this. I will also be looking at what the adaptive function of Theory of Mind in humans may be. The adaptive function in this essay means the relative ability of a person to effectively interact with society on all levels and care for one’s self; affected by one’s eagerness to practice skills and follow opportunities for enhancement. Evolution is the procedure which modern organisms have descended from the earliest ancestors. Evolution is accountable for both the similarities and the diversity across all species. Essential to the process is genetic variation on which selective forces can act in order for evolution to occur. Evolution can also be described as descent with modification. Evolution occurs when there is a modification in gene regularity in a population over time. These genetic differences can be inherited and may be passed on to the subsequent generations. The main idea of evolution is all life on earth shares a common ancestor. Charles Darwin first proposed the theory of evolution after spending time on the Galapagos Islands. He developed the theory of evolution which would oppose the creation of man and imply that all species derived from common ancestors through natural selection. Natural selection is thought to be the main factor resulting in the diversity of species. Natural Selection is as stated by Barrett (2002) â€Å"The process whereby physical and behavioral characteristics which enable survival are passed onto descendants† (as cited in Clegg. 2007. Pg121). The disappearance of less suited gene traits and the survival of the better suited genetic traits led Darwin to reason that organisms had evolved over time, where the most advantageous characteristics of species’ are preferred and those organisms who demonstrate them survive to pass on their genes. Darwin believed that organisms had evolved to adapt to their environments. This allowed them to fill a niche in which they would be well suited to their environment and in turn increase survival chances. Darwins finches are an example of the way the species genetic traits have adapted for long term survival via their young. The beaks of the finches Darwin discovered have evolved to be best suited to their purpose. For example, the finches that eat grubs have a slim extended beak to poke holes into the earth and retrieve the grubs. Finches that eat fruits and buds would not be successful at this, as their larger beaks grind down food which gives them an advantage in situations where buds are the only food source for finches. Within humans many adaptations have occurred through Darwin’s idea of natural selection. â€Å"An adaptation is an evolved property of an organism, the original function of which adds to its fitness† (Clegg, 2007, p122). One of these adaptations is called Theory of Mind. Theory of Mind is â€Å"the ability to explain and predict the actions of both oneself and other† (Clegg, 2007, p133). To have Theory of Mind would allow humans to understand what another person feels and use that information to adjust their own actions Studies have been carried out on primates closely related to humans in the gene pool to try and understand the evolution of Theory of Mind. One observation completed by Whiten in 1997 was that of an ape who distracted another to keep the competitor from food which the original ape had seen (as cited in Clegg, 2007, p139). This ape’s deception may point to the ape possessing some Theory of Mind as it realised that the competitor would have d esired the food item also. This can also be related to modern humans as the ability to find food can also be a difficult task for some people such as the tribes who live in the deserts. This will attract a partner as it shows the ability to provide and survive, and will be passed through generations. Archaeological evidence can also be used to try to understand the evolution of Theory of Mind in our ancestors, when it fully appeared in Homo sapiens and its adaptive function. The appearance of archaeological art e.g. cave drawings, around 30,000 years ago shows the humans at the time had the ability to imagine things which allowed them to create the artwork. With the ability to do this it can be said that the people who drew the artwork possessed Theory of Mind. These cave drawings may have been used to attract a partner, which means the genes for imagining and creating the artwork would have been passed to their subsequent children. This adaptation would provide the next generation of humans with the ability to imagine and therefore possessing a quality of Theory of Mind. When this adaptation was passed on and used by the children it would have allowed them to create partnerships and their offspring would also have the same trait. This would allow the gene to become an advantage and therefore be passed on through the generations and continue until the Homo sapiens of today. The ability to imagine can still be used today as a means of attracting a partner. Theory of Mind also allows us to interact with success with other humans and how to understand how someone is feeling from their actions. With the evidence and explanations provided Theory of Mind is an advantage to modern humans as its adaptive function may be to allow individuals to survive longer and therefore create more offspring with the desirable characteristic to suit the environment into which it is born. This allows the Homo sapiens to continue to survive upon the earth. References Clegg, H (2007). Evolutionary Psychology. In D. Miell, A. Phoenix, K. Thomas (Eds), Mapping Psychology (2nd ed., pp.105-160). Milton Keynes: The Open University

William Kinmond’s What a newsman found who got into red China and Mark

William Kinmond’s What a newsman found who got into red China and Mark Salzman’s Iron and Silk In William Kinmond’s â€Å"What a newsman found who got into red China† and Mark Salzman’s Iron and Silk, the reader experiences a mental ride of China. Both Salzman and Kinmond use subtlety and skill to write about what they found in Red China. The texts’ have somewhat different subject matters because each writer visited China with different motives and at different time periods. As the title suggests, Kinmond who goes to China in 1957 is there to report for the Canadian newspaper ‘The Globe and Mail’. On the other hand, Salzman goes to China in 1982 to teach English. Nonetheless, both writers’ construction of Red China and its people can be zeroed in with the help of one important issue; their coverage of train transport. Trains are by far the main means of transport in China and most people’s lives are centered around them. Although, through the analysis of train travel, both Salzman and Kinmond construct the C hinese people, Salzman concentrates on the government connection in train transport while Kinmond concentrates on the actual conditions aboard a train. Salzman’s first point about government interference is that travel officials are on a power trip when it comes to dealing with travelers. Since the communist government controls and governs all aspects of train business, Salzman vividly constructs the relationship between the people and the government. He shows that unlike in his home country of USA, travel officials in China go out of their way to deliberately interfere with people’s travels. After two years of teaching English and learning kung-fu in China, Salzman’s received lots of gifts from hi... ...r the reader through their coverage of train travel although they each largely concentrate on the different aspects of it. Salzman illustrates that the government is present in all aspects of train travel in china and people have to put up to its way of running the show. Kinmond shows that the train accommodation is of so low key, but the Chinese people put up to it anyway. Their similar observation concerning government propaganda soliciting should show the ‘the cause and effect’ relationship between government interference and bad accommodation. Works Cited List: Chui, May. Student at Lafayette College. An interview with her in the library. April 11, 2001. Kinmond, William. â€Å"What a Newsman Found Who Got into Red China†. US News and World Report. New York. August 9th, 1957. Salzman , Mark. Iron and Silk . Vintage Departments . New York (1986).

Captivity of Mary Rowlandson and the Relation

Both of these writers encounter and more importantly, live amongst the Native people of the Americas as captives at one point of their lives. However, each experience different situations and go about representing those situations in their writing in two completely dissimilar narratives. Each of them enter into captivity with distinctive roles-?Rowland as a Puritanical mother and Caber De Vacate as a Spanish Imperial explorer. Railroading's overall tone in her narrative can be described as edifying in the sense that A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs..Mary Rowland can be used as a example for readers, especially in her overall belief in God. She says, m{et the Lord still showed mercy to me, and upheld me; and as He wounded me with one hand, so he healed me with another (Bam and Levine 261). † Rowland demonstrates the recurring theme of the centrality of God and HIS will In this one sentence which could possibly be used to correspond to the entirety of her capti vity. Notice her use of a dichotomy in the sentence. She is â€Å"wounded. † But then, she is â€Å"healed. † With what?With God's Hand. This exhibits Railroading's belief that God Lana everything: good and bad. It can also be concluded that Railroading's narrative shows the more generalized view of the Puritan beliefs. Also, note Railroading's tone in this passage of the narrative that can be associated to the good and bad that God plans. ‘Wounded† carries a more despaired tone while â€Å"healed† holds a more hopeful tone-?the hope In God that He will carry her out of her despair. Rowland continuously revisits the idea of God's centrality in her whole narrative.She says: I have thought since of the wonderful goodness of God to me in reserving me in the use of my reason and senses in that distressed time, that I did not wicked and violent means to end my own miserable life†¦ When I came I asked them what they had done with It; then they told me It was upon the hill. Then they went and showed me where It was, where I saw the ground was newly digger, and there they told me they had buried it. There I left that child in the wilderness, and must commit it, and myself also in this wilderness condition, to Him who is above all.God having taken away this dear child†¦ (Nina and Levine 261-262). As a Christian and other, this must have affected Rowland severely. The thought of her dead baby being buried by soulless savages without any proper Christian funeral rites probably outraged her, but nonetheless, she refuses to end her â€Å"miserable life† and quickly punishment from God, but also notes that through and after captivity, God saved her. Alva Ounce Caber De Visa's account of his captivity with the Karakas Indians and several other Indian tribes also has this presence of God that is explicit in Railroading's narrative.The Relation constantly addresses â€Å"God our Lord. † He says in is dedication, â€Å"A lthough everyone wants what advantage may be gained from ambition and action, we see everywhere great inequalities of fortune, brought about not by conduct but by accident, and not through anybody fault but as the will of God (Bam and Levin 44). † It is important to make a note of the fact that Caber De Vacate was an imperial explorer for Spain under Painful De Narrate.The reason for his expedition in America was to claim the Florida territory for Spain, but the expedition failed greatly and led to the captivity of Caber De Vacate and three other men. Like Rowland, Caber De Vacate returns to civilization. Although he does not refer to his captivity as punishment from God, he does mention his incarceration as nobody's â€Å"fault but as the will of God. † It can be implied that Caber De Vacate says this to escape any actual punishment he may receive from the Spanish crown. After all, the expedition was funded with the expectation of profit I. . Gold and silver. He mentio ns at the end of the dedication, â€Å"l beg that it may be received as homage, since it is the most once could bring who returned thence naked (Bam and Levine 45). † The underlying tone in this sentence is desperation-?desperation in that sense that the king accept his narrative and desperation, and even perhaps hope, that God will deliver him from any forthcoming punishment made from the king. Caber De Vacate â€Å"begs† that his account can be viewed as a gift while claiming the role of â€Å"God's will† in his captivity.Thus, he implies that his nakedness in both appearance and profit be seen as something God himself determined. Caber De Vacate says, â€Å"Eating the dogs seemed to give us strength enough to go forward; so commending ourselves to the audience of God our Lord, we took leave of our hosts, who pointed out the way to other nearby who spoke their language (Bam and Levine 48). † Like Rowland who put her faith in God, Caber De Vacate, along with the other survivors, commends himself to God's guidance. However, he actually comes to respect the Indians as he resides with them which is expressed near the end of The Relation.He shares: To the last I could not convince the Indians that we were of the same people as the Christian Slavers†¦ We ordered them to fear no more†¦ After we had dismissed the Indians in ace and thanked them for their toil in our behalf†¦ [The Christians] took us through the forests and wastes so we would not communicate with the natives and would neither see nor learn of their crafty scheme afoot. Thus we often misjudge the motives of men; we thought we had effected the Indian's liberty, when the Christians were but poising to pounce (Bam and Levine 51).Notice how Caber De Vacate refers to the Spanish as â€Å"the Christians. † He does not include himself in the passage as one of the Christians probably because he has been able to tolerate and come to respect he native people. He does try to persuade the Indians that he is of the same race simply for their safety. He says: Lazar bade his interpreter tell the Indians that we were members of his race who had been long lost†¦ The Indians paid no attention to this. Conferring to themselves, they replied that the Christian's had lied: †¦ E healed and lanced; we coveted nothing but gave whatever we were given, while they robbed whomever they found and bestowed nothing on anyone (Bam and Nina 50) This differs from Rowland who regularly refers to the Native Americans as savages. In Caber De Visa's text, it is these â€Å"Christians† who appear to be the savages. The tone in this passage is almost regretful. Caber De Visa's use of dichotomies in this passage iterates the sadness on the idea that these supposed holy men ravage on helpless, innocent Indians according to God's will.This is exactly the opposite in Railroading's text where she views the native people as nothing short of barbaric like in the instance where her baby is improperly buried according to Christian guidelines. However, there are instances where Rowland comes to note the molarities between the Englishmen and the Indians. She also comes to somewhat embrace the savagery of the Indians when she eats bear's meat and finds it â€Å"savory' and â€Å"pleasant† rather than repulsive as Caber De Vacate does when he eats dog meat and prances around naked.

A Biographical Profile of Neil deGrasse Tyson

American astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson is one of the most popular and prolific science communicators of the early twenty-first century. Neil deGrasse Tyson Biographical Information Birth Date: October 5, 1958 Birthplace: New York, NY, USA (Born in Manhattan, raised in Bronx) Ethnicity: African-American/Puerto Rican Educational Background Neil deGrasse Tyson developed an interest in astronomy at age 9. While attending the Bronx High School of Science, Tyson was editor-in-chief of the schools Physical Science Journal. He was giving lectures on astronomy at the age of fifteen, foreshadowing a career in science communication. When he looked for a college, he came to the attention of Carl Sagan at Cornell University, and Sagan proved to be something of a mentor to him, despite the fact that he ultimately chose to attend Harvard. He has earned the following degrees: 1980 - B.A. physics, Harvard University1983 - M.A. astronomy, University of Texas at Austin1989 - Ph.M. astrophysics, Columbia University1991 - Ph.D. astrophysics, Columbia University He has since earned a number of honorary degrees. Non-Scientific Extracurricular Pursuits Awards Tyson was captain of his high school wrestling team. Despite some time during his freshman year at Harvard on the crew team (rowing, for those of us who didnt attend ivy league colleges), Tyson returned to wrestling and lettered in the sport during his senior year at Harvard. He was also an avid dancer and in 1985 earned an International Latin Ballroom Style gold medal with the University of Texas dance team. In 2000, Dr. Tyson was named the Sexiest Astrophysicist Alive by People Magazine (begging the question of which non-living astrophysicists may have beaten him). Though this is technically an award that he got because he was an astrophysicist, since the award itself is for a non-scientific achievement (his raw sexiness), weve decided to classify it here rather than with his academic achievements. Though related to his scientific views, Tyson has been categorized as an atheist because he advocates that religion has no place in influencing scientific questions and debates. He has, however, argued that if he must be classified, he believes that his stance is better categorized as agnosticism than atheism, since he claims no definitive position on the existence or non-existence of God. He did, however, receive the 2009 Isaac Asimov Science Award from the American Humanist Association. Academic Research Related Achievements Neil deGrasse Tysons research is largely in the realm of astrophysics and cosmology, with an emphasis in areas of stellar and galactic formation and evolution. This research, as well as his work as an avid science communicator with a wide range of popular science publications, helped position him for a position as director the Hayden Planetarium at the Rose Center for Earth and Space, part of the American Museum of Natural History in New York City. Dr. Tyson has received a number of awards and honors, including the following: 2001 - Appointed by President George W. Bush to Commission on the Future of the United Aerospace Industry2001 - The Tech 100 (Crains Magazines list of 100 most influential technology leaders in New York)2001 - Medal of Excellence, Columbia University, New York City2004 - Appointed by President George W. Bush to Presidents Commission on Implementation of United States Space Exploration Policy2004 - NASA Distinguished Public Service Medal2004 - Fifty Most Important African-Americans in Research Science2007 - Klopsteg Memorial Award winner2007 - Time 100 (Time Magazines list of 100 most influential persons in the world)2008 - 50 Best Brains in Science (Discover Magazine)2009 - Douglas S. Morrow Public Outreach award Plutos Demotion The Rose Center for Earth and Space Science re-classified Pluto as an icy comet in XXXX, sparking a media firestorm. The man behind this decision was Neil deGrasse Tyson himself, the director of the Rose Center, though he was not acting alone. The debate got so intense that it had to be resolved by a vote at the International Astronomical Union (IAU) at their 2006 General Assembly, which decided Pluto was not a planet, but was actually a dwarf planet. (Not, it should be noted, the icy comet classification that the Rose Center originally used.) Tysons involvement in the debate was the basis for this 2010 book The Pluto Files: The Rise and Fall of Americas Favorite Planet, which focuses not only on the science related to the debate, but also considerations about the publics perceptions of Pluto. Popular Books Merlins Tour of the Universe (1989) - Tysons first book was a collection of question/answer pieces from the popular astronomy magazine Star Date. It is told through the narrative tool of being answered by Merlin, an alien visitor to Earth from Planet Omniscia, who has spent much time on Earth and been friends with many of Earths greatest scientists throughout history, such as Johannes Kepler and Albert Einstein.Universe Down to Earth (1994) - A popular book intended to introduce non-science audiences to the current science of astrophysics. While of historical interest, it should be noted that in 1994 there was no evidence of dark energy, so our understanding of the universe has transformed substantially since that time, so a more recent volume is suggested to get a modern introduction.Just Visiting This Planet (1998) - This is follow-up volume to Merlins Tour of the Universe, with additional question/answer pieces from Star Date magazine.One Universe: At Home in the Cosmos (2000) - C o-authored with Charles Tsun-Chu Liu and Robert Iroion, this book again tries to explain key astrophysics concepts, but has the added benefit of being a beautiful volume containing many photographs. At the time of this writing, however, this book appears to be out of print and largely unavailable, but there are no shortage of more recent books that cover this material and offer pictures from Hubble and other space telescopes.Cosmic Horizons: Astronomy at the Cutting Edge (2000) - Co-edited with Steven Soter, this again is an illustrated book that attempts to explain the key features of modern astrophysics.City of Stars: A New Yorkers Guide to the Cosmos (2002) - The title is interesting, but this book also appears to be out of print, and finding information on it is even less forthcoming.My Favorite Universe (2003) - Based on Dr. Tysons 12-part lecture series of the same name through The Great Courses video lecture series.Origins: Fourteen Billion Years of Cosmic Evolution (2004) - Co-authored with Donald Goldsmith, this is a companion volume to his four-part Origins miniseries for PBS Nova series, focusing on the current state of cosmology.The Sky is Not the Limit: Adventures of an Urban Astrophysicist (2004) - This is an engaging memoir of Neil deGrasse Tysons life, and how his early interest in the night sky eventually led him to become an astrophysicist. Insights are offered into various challenges he faced, including the racial challenges of being a minority physicist, making this a memoir that is worthwhile and educational on a number of different levels.Death by Black Hole: And Other Cosmic Quandries (2007) - This is a collection of several of Dr. Tysons most popular articles.The Pluto Files: The Rise and Fall of Americas Favorite Planet (2010) - In this book, Dr. Tyson discusses some of the key scientific and non-scientific elements of the debate over Plutos controversial demotion from a planet classification to one of dwarf planet.Space Chronicles (20 14) - In this collection of essays, Dr. Tyson muses on the past, present, and future of the space program. Specifically focusing on the program in the United States, he outlines a vision for largely unmanned space exploration that can yield positive scientific results at significantly reduced costs and risk to human life. He also goes into some depth in the discussion of the economics and motivation at work in the history of the space program, and the challenges that future achievements would have to overcome. Television Other Media Neil deGrasse Tyson has been a guest on so many media sources that it would be virtually impossible to list them all. Since he lives in New York City, hes frequently a go-to science expert for a variety of shows, including appearances in morning shows for major networks. Below are some of his most noteworthy media appearances: Dr. Tyson has repeatedly appeared on both The Daily Show with Jon Stewart and The Colbert Report for Comedy Central. On one such appearance, he told Jon Stewart that the globe in the background of his television studio is actually rotating the wrong direction.Video clips of Dr. Tyson from The Daily Show with Jon StewartVideo clips of Dr. Tyson from The Colbert ReportStarTalk Radio Podcast - Dr. Tyson hosts a podcast through the Hayden Planetarium, called StarTalk, where he discusses various science topics, interviews interesting guests, and answers assorted questions from his audience. A video edition of the podcast is also available through YouTube.Nova ScienceNOW - Dr. Tyson was the host of the PBS series Nova ScienceNOW from 2006 through 2011 (seasons 2 through 5), introducing the various segments and then wrapping things up at the end of the episode, often sporting a stylish space-themed vest.Cosmos: A Space-Time Odyssey - Fox is bringing back the science mini-series Cosmos, in 2 014, and Neil deGrasse Tyson is going to be the narrator. Created with Carl Sagans widow Ann Druyan (who was instrumental in the first Cosmos as well) and animator Seth McFarlane, the show is slated to begin airing episodes on March 9, 2014, on both Fox and the National Geographic Channel. Edited by Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D.